It’s a Dog’s Life

Is that him? It sounds like him. I cower under the bed, and wait. It's nice under here; he can't get to me. Good, it's only the paperboy-he likes me. I run to the door, and take the paper in my mouth, he waves at me through the glass, and I jump up at the door, and bark excitedly. He barks back playfully, and I wag my tail. I wish I lived with him, a sweet, innocent little boy who would never lift a finger to hurt me. I smile and lay on the cold, tiled floor, he will be back soon. I do hope he's had a good day. I don't know if my frail old body could take much more of his harsh beatings. He used to be such a gentle, loving man, but ever since poor Sally and Marie died in a car accident, he's become cruel and nasty. A day rarely goes by without me feeling the bottom of his shoe, and that's if I'm lucky. Sometimes he goes for days without feeding me, or he'll grab me by the throat and yell in my ears, and when he's had a bad day, he'll kick me and laugh cruelly. My battered body is racked with a trembling that I cannot stop as I hear him coming. I can hear his keys rattling, I think I'll just keep out of his way for tonight. He turns the key in the lock, and kicks the door open. Seems like he's in a bad mood, I'll just stay under the bed. He's coming in the bedroom now-his face is flushed. I know with a harsh recollection of his wrath, that in a minute he'll beat me. â€Å"Dog, get your miserable body over here now, I've got some food for you,† he bellows at me. I struggle as I lift my scrawny carcass off the ground, my poor old bones ache. I lower my head and waddle over to his armchair. He pours beer over my head and hurls a can of dog food at me, it hits me on the leg and I whine in pain. I collapse on the floor, then he walks over and kicks me in the ribs. I yelp, and hear a loud voice. Surprisingly, it's not his voice. I painfully lift my head, and see a stranger standing outside the window. â€Å"Hey, Mister. You can't do that to a dog!† shouts the stranger, and pushes past the open door. He tries to run, but there is a struggle. He bangs his head on the wall and falls on the floor. The stranger walks up to me, and holds out his hands. â€Å"It's gonna be all right little fella, I'm going to take you somewhere, where a whole load of nice people will look after you and find you a decent home, I promise.† He strokes my weak head and I lick his salty palms. He carefully lifts me into the back of his car, and drives me to a big kennel, full of other dogs and cats and animals that I have never seen in my life before. A tall man with a kind face walks over to me and smiles, not a snarl of a smile or an evil grin, like he used to flash me when he hit me, but a kind smile, straight from his heart. Now I feel reassured, I know that now I'm in good hands and things are going to get better. I stayed in that nice place that I soon named ‘Doggie Heaven' for six months until I was introduced to a kind English lady, with two little girls and boy who walked me every day. I liked them so I was allowed to stay with them for a whole week. The lady and the tall RSPCA man talked, and the next thing I knew, the gentle RSPCA man was waving goodbye to me. I would miss him as well as all the other kind people, but I knew that could live a happier life without him. My thoughts were broken by the sound of a kind, gentle voice, calling my new name. â€Å"Come on, Kizzy, we're having dinner now. † It was Timmy, the little boy who would take care of me for the rest of my life. Timmy turned around to go back into the house, and I got a sudden warm feeling. I felt for the first time in a long while, that I had a home, and a family who actually cared about me. I belonged.

Banyan Tree Research Essay

1. Growth and development of Banyan Tree. Banyan Tree Holdings Limited is a leading, international hospitality brand that manages and develops premium resorts, hotels and spas. From a single boutique resort in Phuket in 1994, Banyan Tree has grown into a multi-business operator globally. Listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange since 2006, the group currently consists of 30 hotels and resorts, over 60 spas 80 retail galleries and two golf courses in 27 countries, with aggressive expansion plans for the future. Below shows the milestone of Banyan Tree Resort: Banyan Tree Group garnered some 117 international awards and accolades in 2010, bringing the total number of awards it has received close to 640 since the first Banyan Tree property opened in Phuket in 1994. In 2010, Banyan Tree Phuket and its Spa continue to be recognised by industry experts, having won 14 prestigious awards and accolades The Banyan Tree organization has seen very dynamic and expansive growth in the last few years. Banyan Tree attributes is success as a company to their strong brand recognition, command pricing, and superb management. Revenues increased from $187.3 (million) in 2005 to 335.3 (million) in 2006, which is an increase of 79%. In 2007, Revenue increased another 26% to $429, 859 (million). 2. Success factors of Banyan Tree Banyan Tree Capital has its own dedicated construction, project management and cost management capabilities, enabling it to fulfill the role of a developer and assume full ownership of any projects. * Brand Building Branding has started right from the locations of the Banyan Tree resorts and has been consistent through the designs, the facilities offered, and the ambience created in each of the resorts. In line with the â€Å"romantic escape for couples† theme, Banyan Tree has placed a strong emphasis on the locations as a key element of the brand identity. The company has chosen exotic locations with exclusive access to sun-bathed beaches, exciting environment around and a good transportation infrastructure to connect the resorts to the main destination highlights. * Company Growth and Health The Banyan Tree is a rapidly growing company with lots of investment all across the globe. Their expanding nature, coupled with a positive stock price, solid financial earnings, and continual success at all resort locations, is exceptional in the competitive hotel and resort industry. Not many hotel companies can brag about recent success like the Banyan Tree. * Good Brand communications Banyan Tree promotes their product through mass international media. They invite travel editors and writers who could potentially increase editorial coverage on Banyan Tree to use the service. This can make â€Å"Banyan Tree Experiences† distribute to people by word of mouth and it is more effective. It is also make brand awareness and brand value that generated largely through public relations and global marketing programs. * Being a socially responsible and environmentally sensitive organization Banyan Tree Exercise caution with respect to the environmental impacts of their operations, and taking an active role in the protection and remediation of our global ecosystem. * Creating a good culture By combining the Asian culture and heritage with world-class service and luxury, Banyan Tree has been able to build a brand that has appealed to people across countries in Asia and beyond, and successfully been capitalizing on the pan-Asian sentiment. 3. Marketing Strategies * Collaboration with marketing agencies Banyan Tree Holdings appointed a few key wholesalers in each targeted market and worked closely with them to promote sales. Rather than selling through wholesale and retail agents that catered to the general market, they chose to work only with agents specializing in exclusive luxury holidays targeted at wealthy customers. Global exposure was also achieved through Banyan Tree’s membership in the Small Luxury Hotels and Leading Hotels of the World. Targeting high-end consumers, they represent various independent exclusive hotels and have sales offices in major cities around the world. * Winning awards Banyan Tree resort management believe that to publicize their properties, word of mouth is more important than advertisement. Therefore, one of the marketing strategies they adopting is to win awards. Banyan Tree sought recognition in service, innovation and, more importantly, its environmental efforts. To date, it has won more than 570 awards, with two given last week for its excellence in social and environmental responsibility. * Expanding Brand portfolio Banyan Tree to come out with a brand extension in the form of Angsana Resorts (launched in 2000), targeted towards young families and at different price points – typically 20-30% lower than Banyan Tree resorts themselves. It also operates stand-alone Angsana Spas. These measures not only allow Banyan Tree to increase its awareness in new markets and gain international momentum, but also create a strong platform for a portfolio of sub-brands that can be a source of long-term revenue generation. * Online marketing Banyan Tree sets up company website to conveniently update latest information and offers for customers. In additional, the online website allows customers to do bookings for their holidays. Online bookings rapidly increase over the year and it definitely generated more revenue. 4. Future Challenges * Competition There is only one other resort that is comparable to the Banyan Tree: Amanpulo. Amanpulo is situated on a private island in Palawan. The island boasts white sand, crystal clear water and tropical vegetation. They, too, respond to a leisurely lifestyle for the affluent and rich worldwide. In addition, Amanpulo is just as concerned as we are in building environmentally friendly and aesthetically pleasing resorts. * Copycats The market is crowded with many entrants running similar branded resorts in the upper-end. Particularly in Asia Pacific, where Banyan Tree has its stronghold and traditional base, new entrants are facing only small barriers-of-entry other than huge capital requirements and availability of good locations. A new entrant can always try to copy the â€Å"romance-intimacy-rejuvenation† theme and replicate the serene locations with beautiful villas providing it at lower prices to gain foothold in the market. * Natural Hazards The Philippines sits astride the typhoon belt, which means it’s prone to be struck by dangerous storms. In addition, the country is known to be home of active volcanoes. Other natural hazards known to occur are landslides, earthquakes and tsunamis. * Environmental Issues Existing issues that the Philippines are dealing with, and trying to combat, are uncontrolled deforestation, soil erosion, air and water pollution, coral reef degradation and increasing pollution of coastal mangrove swamps.

The Impact of Media Technologies on Child Development and Wellbeing Assignment

The Impact of Media Technologies on Child Development and Wellbeing - Assignment Example The impact of technology and the media on the growth and development of children remains philosophical. This explains why physicians and the rest of the society largely need to evaluate the exposure of children to the media. In the process, parents also need to offer regulation on the right age for children to use the media among them a radio, television, music, the internet, and video games. This paper aims at exploring both harmful and beneficial influences of technology and the media on the physical and mental health of children. Apart from other members of the society, the discourse identifies various ways through which physicians can counsel families and families with the aim of enhancing the appropriate use of the media and technology by children in their environments. The developments in the media sector come from the developments in the information and communication technology. Video, television, games, mobile phones, and music, as well as the internet, continue to bring substantial changes experienced by children in the present society. In most cases, the changes find parents and guardians in addition to the society largely unprepared to handle the challenges accompanying the use of media technology (Bernard-Bonnin, 1991, p. 50). In the end, parents do not comprehend various ways and levels of regulating the use of the media by the children. Today, substantial evidence from health practitioners proofs the effects of the media on the health of children. Research across many countries including Australia and Canada shows that families prefer what media technologies provide. Educational programs offered by the media contribute a lot to the improvement of academic abilities and knowledge of children. This starts early and physicians encourage paren ts and guardians to introduce them to their children while they are young. Choosing programs for children makes a big difference to the knowledge and skills of children when they start schooling.

Instructions are in file uploaded Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Instructions are in file uploaded - Coursework Example In processing, cleaning, storing, roasting, cooling, weighing, grinding and blending takes place. The only waste product in this phase is the parchment that will still be covering the bean. Additional processing phase takes the coffee powder to manufacture product varieties. The package then takes place in cans made of aluminum or paper filters. Transportation and distribution phase includes transportation of coffee raw material, wastes and by- products depending on the production capacity and the location. Distribution of coffee takes place to the market either local, international level or national wide. The consumption phase includes the consumption depending on the tastes and the brands. The waste management phase includes the procedure of treating the wastes like chaff and coffee grounds. The price of coffee: the supply curve has a positive slope to the price meaning that the higher the price, the increase the supply. Conversely, the lower the price, the decrease in the supply of coffee will be. Income of the consumer: in this case, the higher the income that the consumer has, the increase in demand for coffee will be. Conversely, the lower the income the consumer posses, the decrease in the demand for coffee will be. From the analysis the equilibrium price is that price where by the demand for coffee and the supply is equal in the market. It is the price which neither the buyer nor the seller complains. The equilibrium price is $200. From the analysis, the current price of coffee is selling at $230 the price which is higher than the equilibrium price. This makes the supply of coffee to be more than the demand. Conversely the demand is low as consumers have a low income which is a constrain to their

Psychology of language learning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Psychology of language learning - Assignment Example Language Acquisition A great deal of a child’s acquisition of linguistic structure occurs during the first five years of life. This is the period when he is most active in discerning a set of underlying organizational principles of language from the expression that surrounds him. It is amazing how at a very young age, he is capable of abstracting meaning from direct experience with other language users depending on his own context. Beaty (2009) explains that even at an infant stage, the baby’s early nonverbal communication helps in preparing her for the spoken and written language to follow and at 6 months, she has become a language specialist, based on the sounds she hears most frequently. At 20 months, she may possess a sizable vocabulary if she hears adults around her talk to one another and to her all the time. Of course good hearing and sensitive listening are paramount to language development. According to Lightbrown & Spada (1999), like the first language,  "learner’s age is one of the characteristics which determine the way in which an individual approaches second language learning† (p. 68). Lindfors (1987) notes that the child’s language environment includes a set of specific sentences, however, it is not this set of sentences that he acquires, but deduces from these an underlying set of organizational principles and sound-meaning relationships. To illustrate, children as young as two do not talk by simply using the specific sentences they hear, but rather, they construct sentences according to their own early version of organized principles underlying the specific sentences they have heard. Perhaps due also to limited language and motor skills, the child’s early linguistic system is different from the adult’s and results in telegraphic and grammatically erratic sentences like â€Å"He no want to sit me.†, â€Å"I not like it†, and â€Å"He gived it to me.† Over time, his langu age system will be revised in many different situations, and his sentences will become more adult-like. For his own purpose, he builds his own rule-governed constructions as he has deduced from his environment and from interactions with others (Lindfors, 1987). Language has four elements, and these elements have related skills necessary to develop a proficiency in language. According to Larsen-Freeman (1986), the natural order that children follow when learning their native language in terms of skill acquisition is: listening, speaking, reading and writing. Crucial to the development of teaching approaches is an understanding of such processes involved in language use. Socio-cultural Theory of Language Learning According to Lev Vygotsky (1962), social interaction stimulated by speech is essential for language development. He also mentions that a supportive interactive environment can help the child to reach a higher level of knowledge and performance compared to what might be reache d through his or her ability to improve independently (Lightbown and Spada, 2006). To this socio-cultural perspective, Lightbrown & Spada (2006) contend that people obtain control and reorganize

Noise source Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Noise source - Essay Example A very common workplace hazard is noise pollution experienced. For example, noise of an in-house generator in the maintenance building affecting the officers working in a nearby building of a business complex. As per energy conservation policy the complex is run on generator for a specific time period every day from 12 noon to 3 p.m. Work timing of the nearby offices are 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. five days a week and lunch break is from 1 a.m. to 2 p.m. Employer has provided ear plugs or muffs (PPE) as a common control measure to each employees when discomfort was voiced, however the problem remained with employees getting disturbed and anxious also showing poor performance and low productivity especially during the generator on-timings. Even customers calling in or visiting the office during the time complained and showed discomfort to the noise being generated along with the smell of burnt fuel prevalent in the air. Company should not completely rely on PPE and let the discomfort affect the productivity and results of the company. They should make their Health Safety & Environmental Policy more effective by adopting a number of control measures than can improve the working conditions since the exposure is a daily recurring scenario. An engineering treatment for the problem can be either at the source or at the noise transmission path or at the receiver. Generator being a noisy component is already placed in a separate building; however the noise reaches outside and is unavoidable. The generator cannot be enclosed in a sound absorbent enclosure since it requires proper ventilation and cooling systems. However the office building and other surrounding building can be made sound proof by fitting sound absorbent materials such as flexible or fixed screens / windows or curtains of sound absorbent material that can prevent or lower the level of noise from outside entering the building. This would also require the building to have

How Teachers use language Strategies in Schools to Control Behaviour Essay

How Teachers use language Strategies in Schools to Control Behaviour Increase Pupil Participation and to Facilitate Learning - Essay Example This paper stresses that a separate discipline, that centers on prioritising verbal communication, has become an increasingly focus of research. Thus, from a different set of perspectives, the focus of learning language usage is currently being understood as a necessity and not a luxury. Since language is the major symbolic code implemented in the transfer of information from the sender to the receiver, pragmatic teaching strategies could be usefully implemented to the research of communicative processes. It is suggested that pragmatics be explained as the study of the important basic principles of meaningful language use - that is, a research on how verbal communication works and how to enhance the verbal communication activity. The study of how the students and the classroom lecturer maximize language to discover how the teacher and the students converse in oral fashion. The research centers on the use of language as a medium of increasing learning in the classroom environment. Cul ture and other inputs are important to enhance the classroom learning environment. Indeed, teachers use language strategies in the classroom scenes to control student behavior, increase pupil participation, and to Facilitate Learning. This paper makes a concluison that learning will increase if the person develops one’s speech and its relation to thought. The child relies on one’s own perception to make sense of objects that appear to them to be unrelated. For example, the child creates one’s subjective relationship between objects and then mistakes one’s egocentric perspective for reality. This falls under incoherent coherence. Thus, the child learns by committing mistakes along the way. The child corrects one’s mistake until the goal or objective is finally achieved. The child includes all inputs, both successful and unsuccessful, are gathered and used to determine the proper way of doing or seeing things. Thus, the teachers must accept mistakes as part of the child’s learning process. The child’s mistakes are used as a stepping stone to generating the proper result in any activity. Social interaction plays a major role in transforming prior knowledge. Thus, speci fic functions are not given to a person at birth but given as cultural and social patterns. Lev Vygotsky believes that it is human nature for a person to learn best with the cooperation of other human beings. The child’s learning is grounded on one’s reaction to environmental inputs. Thus, the child’s and the teacher’

Measuring Economic Health Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Measuring Economic Health Paper - Essay Example Thus, a measure of improvement in the environment as well as measures of economic health may be used jointly to measure or assess development. Some of the more important measures of economic health are the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the Gross National Product (GNP). The GDP refers to â€Å"the value of final goods and services produced† (Dornbusch et al., 2008, p. 36). The qualification â€Å"final† is used to avoid double counting because counting the tire, for example, may double count with the value of the car. Dornbusch et al. (2008, p. 36) emphasized that that the GDP consist of the value of goods currently produced. Thus, for each year for example, the GDP refers to the goods and services produced during that period or year. GDP is measured annually. The GDP is a concept or measure similar to the GDP. However, while the GDP refers to the goods and services produced in a country that may include both the value of output from both citizen and alien producers, the GNP refers to the goods and services produced by citizens or nationals. Thus, the GNP also covers the production of goods and services by nationals or citizens abroad. ... For example, Real GDP or GNP in 2010 prices measures the GDP or GNP using year 2010 prices. For these, economist use a variable known as GDP or GNP deflators that convert all GDP and GNP of all years into the GDP or GNP values of year 2010. For each year, there can be specific GDP or GNP deflator that can convert the GDP or GNP into a particular year. Nominal GDP or GNP refers to GDP or GNP measures in a particular year using prices of that year. Through the real GDP and GDP over several years, economists are able to assess whether a business cycle exist as well as determine the period which constitute a business cycle in which there is cycle of relative slump and recovery. One theory in economics holds that there is an equilibrium real business cycle (Dornbusch et al., 2008, p. 553). The theory asserts that â€Å"fluctuations in output and employment are the result of a variety of real shocks that hit the economy, with markets adjusting rapidly and remaining always in equilibriumâ €  (Dornbusch et al., 2008, p. 553). Dornbusch et al. (2008, p. 553) clarifies that the real business cycle theory is a result of a perspective known as the â€Å"rational expectations† approach in economics. The rational expectations approach in economics assumes that economic agents are rational and use all available information, including forecasts and past experience in anticipating the direction of the economy and in response to that direction, their behavior or action in that economy. Economics bodies in the government determine fiscal policy. Usually, several bodies in government determine or are tapped to determine fiscal policy. In the United States, one such body is the Federal Reserve Board. The Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, for instance, may be

Exclusion from the Mainstream Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Exclusion from the Mainstream - Term Paper Example The purpose of this paper is to examine how themes of heterosexuality and homophobia can also be present in queer films, and how homosexuals have been continuously demonized and marginalized in films, thus promoting a deeper sense of homophobia in the society and reflecting how widespread the social institutions believing in the sexual norms are. The approach of looking into theories of social deviance in relation to sexuality in queer films can aid in refocusing on the issue of social stigma and exclusion from the mainstream. Degradation in Mainstream and Queer Films While it is true that there will always be great films, a lot of those that reached blockbuster success portray gay characters in a supporting role, usually as a friend of the female lead character. While there is nothing wrong with supporting roles, sometimes, these gay characters are not fully developed in the film and are used as a of parody of the homosexual stereotypes that, ironically, have been fought by several organizations over the years. Despite the good intentions of the film, degrading the role of these gays into something to stir laughter due to their â€Å"homosexual† antics is something that is not right. This dos not happen in mainstream films only. Even in queer films such as â€Å"The Birdcage,† some of these homosexual parodies can be observed. For example, in the film's last part where the gays are dancing to the song â€Å"Macho Man,† it can immediately be felt that it is meant to be a joke that â€Å"macho† and gay are two terms that cannot come together. Even though the film is really all about the the message that gays should be treated equally, resorting to using the stereotypes for laughter defeats the overall message. Another example of this is â€Å"Brokeback Mountain,† where homosexuality is supposedly â€Å"celebrated† judging from the way the public acknowledged the film. However, how are the gay men portrayed in the story? They are shown as â€Å"queer† --- people who cannot be accepted in the mainstream, the â€Å"other.† Even homosexuality here is shown as something shameful and to be kept secret. Such films do not really bridge the gap of inequality between the heterosexuals and the homosexuals. Queer films actually do not advance the idea that homosexuals are equal to their heterosexual counterparts. They just breed a what can be called â€Å"understanding† towards homosexuality, but they do not really allow the mass audience to relate to them. They do not treat the idea of homosexuality as something normal, but as something that invokes pity. Heavenly Creatures To further expound on this idea, a recently viewed film entitled â€Å"Heavenly Bodies† will be discussed. This film is based on a true story of two teenage girls who committed murder in 1954. The story is about Pauline and Juliet, the two teenage girls who are involved in a â€Å"strange† relationship th at is viewed as homosexual (lesbian) by the people around them. The two girls are shown as the exact opposite of the other --- Juliet being extrovert, and Pauline being introvert. Despite being based on a true story, one cannot help but notice how the â€Å"weird† details of these two girls are played up in the story. It has been mentioned earlier that homosexuals have been continuously demonized and marginalized in films, and this is observed in this

1-What are the advantages and disadvantages of using technology at Essay

1-What are the advantages and disadvantages of using technology at school OR 2-In what ways can technology such as tablet devices contributes in the children education at school - Essay Example These resources will be of immense value to the current research as it will help in obtaining information regarding the negative effects associated with use of technology in classrooms. Brown, Dina, and Mark Warschauer. "From the University to the Elementary Classroom: Students Experiences in Learning to Integrate Technology in Instruction."Â  Journal of Technology and Teacher Education. 14.3 (2006): 599-621. Print. The article titled From the University to the Elementary Classroom: Students Experiences in Learning to Integrate Technology in Instruction was authored by Brown along with other researchers and this research was conducted in order to identify methods through which instructors can implement technological advancement in different aspect of teaching such as preparing curriculum and creating coursework (Brown 599). This resource is important to the present study as this resource can provide information regarding how the issues experienced by educationists while using technology in their class rooms can be solved. Buchanan, JA. "Use of Simulation Technology in Dental Education."Â  Journal of Dental Education. 65.11 (2001): 1225-31. Print. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.130.3369&rep=rep1&type=pdf The research article titled Use of Simulation Technology in Dental Education was written by Buchanan and in the purpose of conducted this study was to identify how the technological advancement of simulation is being used in the field and educational circuit of dentistry and what are the possible advantages as well as disadvantages experienced by the stakeholders of the field in implementing this technology (Buchanan 12231). This resource can be used as an example of how technology is actually being used by educational institutes and how it is impacting

In Defense of Food Essay Example for Free

In Defense of Food Essay After learning so much from Pollan’s exposition in the first two parts, one can only imagine how damaging it is to human health and well – being if people were to continue adapting the Western lifestyle. First of all, to the food industry that clogs Western society with thousands of food products, we are but a link to their chain of processed foods that (and not ‘who’) consume in volumes than quality. Naturally, we lose our persona of that of a contributor to the food chain. Rather we are just end – users, frolicking from one set of information to another – and of course, from a bunch of food products to another – as we try to figure out the way to good health. Yet no one seems to notice and address this concern for real. I had also been wondering what to eat and how and this book achieved what it purported to answer. But coming from Western society that consumes their publication pages with updates from research or studies conducted here and there, these same questions are interesting. However, there are no readily available and truthful answers to be found in health claims and food labels. A great deal of time and explanation are needed before arriving at one sweeping answer. Pollan’s book highlighted a mine of curious discoveries in answer to this. Including that some studies that could flag the food industry are stashed in corners of libraries not getting widespread media attention. These are hidden the same way farmers’ produce are stashed aside – waiting for an extensively questioning person to find and spread its results around. This is probably because there are no economic incentives involved in heralding the valid issues and concerns presented in such studies. Consider the findings that polyunsaturated fats and other substances in processed foods do not actually make a difference in the prevention of chronic diseases. This information is clogged and buried at the bottom of the heap of the food industry’s multi – billion dollar advertised claims. However, Pollan successfully searched and provided thorough answers to these questions and even recommends what and how to eat in the third part. I particularly liked the part about healthy eating enhanced by social relations. It gives me more reason to value the tradition, cuisine and culture I grew up in and not adapt the Western lifestyle: eating food products or buying from supermarkets instead of the farmer’s market. Where I am from (Turkey), every meal is prepared from scratch and these are mostly whole foods or organic produce. Before it is laid on the table, there go the activities essential to relations: preparing food together, learning dishes from our mother, aunts, uncles or grandparents – even from elder siblings. And that is just one part of the cycle. Thus, in a social sense, I certainly agree that there is ‘synergy’ in the finishing end of the cycle of food preparation: from soil to table. And such is concocted from growing or planting it in the soil up until it is finally eaten. May it well be that the contribution of every individual involved in the natural food chain adds up to the final food that is ‘more than the sum of its parts’? For instance, there are associations that come to mind when we think of food or eating. One of them would be celebration. Be it a celebration of life, innocence, joy, or transitions, failures, pain or the whole spectrum of feelings that come with it. Even faith and the belief that there is some power stronger and bigger than we are that made all such foods available for us to savor and enjoy. And memories seem to make the food taste even better and signal to our bodily systems, increasing satiety. For me, food not only speaks for what it is made of or the nutrients it is composed of. It speaks so much about who we are as persons, what we value and how we pay respects to other parts in the eco – system in which we thrive. Therefore with every meal we enjoy come cherished memories of various points in our lives, shared with extended family or the community. And at every turn, we give due respect and thanks to one vital part of each celebration: generous nature that breathes life into every produce that make up each meal. Many people across different cultures and in fact even within the same culture or society have differing allusions or associations to food. In some populations, commonly in the West, it may extremely be a negative symbol that precedes revulsion or a compulsively positive one as ‘comfort foods’. Thus eating becomes an act of a functional necessity, an interruption of a ‘seeming’ life lived in the fast lane. Being a consumer society that thrives on convenience, they might not have the time or energy to invest in food preparation from scratch like finding pure unadulterated natural produce and savor the scent, color and distinct tang that come with every dish prepared from it. But however different cultures may view food and eating, it remains apparent that the Western lifestyle brings in a lot of diseases into its population or other societies that choose this way to live. It obviously is not a healthy way to conduct our lives, as was stressed out in various points of the book. It becomes a wise and healthy choice therefore, to eat healthy by patronizing fresh produce from farms as opposed to food products, and savor meals within the context of relations to get the most out of every dish.

Microeconomics Project Essay Example for Free

Microeconomics Project Essay For instance, will buyers or sellers pay a larger portion of the tax per unit? Explain. Alike the weight on buyers’ tax accepted by them is more for goods that have inelastic demand. Based on the elasticity classifications their effect on tax revenue, and tax incidence, which goods would the government prefer to tax? The Government tax goods with inelastic demand like meats, bread, soft drinks as people will devour for these items in the face of the change in price Part 2: Research the effect of changes in cigarette taxes on tax revenue for a state. Does this change indicate cigarettes have an elastic or inelastic demand in that state? Support your answer I have chosen Indiana where I am and Illinois and Michigan which are close to Indiana. State and local tobacco tax revenue select years 2008 to 2010 thousand of dollars Indiana 519,871-2008, 510,585-2009, 484,686-2010, Illinois 827,484-2008, 770,648-2009, 746,953-2010, Michigan 1,076,087-2008, 1,043,532-2009, 1,057,495-2010 What is showed is that cigarettes have an inelastic a decrease in price reduces revenue the increase in quantity demanded is proportionally smaller than the decrease in price.

Controllability Principle in Responsibility Accounting

Controllability Principle in Responsibility Accounting One underlying concept of the traditional management control system is the responsibility accounting. It is viewed as an important feature because it permits the ease of decentralization in M-form organizations. It distributes accountability and provides accounting reports on these distributed accountabilities. It provides a way for large unmanageable organizations to be managed such that all subsystems have similar goals. It can be defined as a system where managers are held responsible for activities under their leadership. Built on responsibility accounting is the principle of controllability. This principle has been viewed as the cornerstone of responsibility accounting (S. Modell and A. Lee, 2001). The principle states that managers should only be evaluated on elements that are within their control. Research literatures on responsibility accounting point to the fact that responsibility accounting and the controllability principle cannot be made independent of one another. The re lationship becomes obvious when both are looked at together; responsibility accounting holds the manager responsible for a particular division but the controllability principle ensures that the managers are held responsible only for factors that they can control. For this reason, Ferrara (1964) called responsibility accounting a communication system with the sole purpose of helping the organization achieve its goals. The controllability principle, therefore, serves to make this communication channel clearer and understandable. The role played by the controllability principle makes it an appealing notion. However, much research articles have argued for the observance of controllability principle as well as against its observance in responsibility accounting. This paper seeks to evaluate the arguments for and against the observance of the principle of controllability. Arguments For and Against the Observance of Controllability Principle Recent research concludes that there are two types of uncontrollable factors within the borders of controllability; internal uncontrollable and external uncontrollable factors. Studies also show that when it comes to controllability, managers consider responsibility accounting fair when the effects of internal uncontrollable factors on their performance is negated in appraisal. The concept of fairness was given in McNally G. (1980) as one of the rationales for observing the principle of controllability. He stated this using the expectancy theory of motivation. The notion of fairness makes the observance of controllability desirable when performance evaluations are carried out on the managers. The controllability principle makes the appraisal a fair one. This is as a result of the appraisal done in consideration of the controllable factors and uncontrollable factors. The result of the appraisal would be a satisfied and possibly motivated manager. Choudhury N. (1986) goes further to sa y that this conforms to the commonly held principle of justice. The equity theory of motivation also helps to explain it further the theory says a fair days work for a fair days pay. In the case of the manager and controllability, this would be a fair assessment for a fair periods work. Achieving organizational goals are very important for any firm and the means of doing that is through the managers of the decentralized firms but if the managers perception of the performance appraisal is unfair, he is demotivated and unsatisfied. He also loses focus and possibly direction. Going by McGregors Y theory of motivation, this could damage the managers perception of his work. He wants to work and put in his best but if his best is judged against things out of his control, this could lead him to learned helplessness or to leave the firm (Nandan C, 1986). For such an organization whose appraisal system is deemed to be unfair, they would have a high turnover rate. The implications of this are far reaching as harmful managerial behaviour might crop up. With fairness in place, observing the principle of controllability helps managers to pay attention to uncontrollable factors. The responsibility accounting holds them accountable for what goes on in their divisions; controllability principle makes the uncontrollable factors obvious. Managers will direct corrective efforts to these uncontrollable factors (McNally G., 1980). This in turn would help to influence the managers behaviour such that it aligns with organizational goals. The knowledge that his appraisal is a fair one would motivate him to try to exert some influence over these uncontrollable factors. If the influence pays off, then he is one step closer to achieving organizational goals. This also induces him/her to pay more attention to factors previously perceived as uncontrollable but now influenceable because of the effort he has applied (F. Giraud, P. Langevin and C. Mendoza, 2008). In the agency theory framework of management control where all information is used to appr aise the managers performance in line with the controllability principle, the appraisal report highlights the controllable and uncontrollable factors. Senior management can attach rewards to these seemingly uncontrollable factors to ensure that managers do their best to attain them without neglecting other duties necessary for the organizational goal attainment. S. Modell and A. Lee (2001) refer to the influence over seemingly uncontrollable factors when they noted that reliance on controllability principle helps to enhance managerial control of powerful institutional actors such as managers. The empirical study carried out by Frow N, Marginson D, and Odgen S. (2005) at Astoria PLC also points out the fact that factors that cannot be controlled can be influenced with some effort; they found out that the firm uses the AIP (Astoria Improvement Process) to reinforce influenceablity. They noted that the AIP helps the manager retain some form of control where they have only partial contr ollability but the AIP also imposes expectation on the managers. This would ensure that the managers make extra effort to influence these factors to meet the expectation laid up on them. Controllability principle helps to neutralize the effects of uncontrollable factors on a managers performance, thus giving a true picture of the managers efforts. This is another appealing notion of the controllability principle. It has been argued that the organization is a social system that grows in complexity like the biological systems. This complexity brings with it constant changes and in the organizational context, this would mean unforeseen changes that can have positive or negative effects on the efforts of the manager. One of such complexity is the competitive and economic elements. Both of these can affect the managers effort in a positive or negative way. An appropriate example is the financial crisis of 2007-2010 which has caused a downturn in stock prices. This in turn affects the profit and investment levels but the controllability principle neutralizes the effects of the financial crisis on the managers performance. Giraud et al (2008) noted that neutralization of un controllable factors can take two forms; ex-ante neutralization and ex-post neutralization, both of which have the same the same result, neutralizing the effects of uncontrollable factors on the performance of the managers. The Controllability principle provides a reliable assessment of the managers performance. When all uncontrollable factors have been neutralized, the assessment will be based on the efforts of the manager in improving the division under his control. Choudhury (1986) notes this when he says that the results of the division under the mangers control is a combination of the managers efforts and the uncontrollable factors. Separating managers effort from uncontrollable factors provides a better basis for assessment. In the principal agent framework, this would be a very necessary basis for rewards, the principal uses everything in his disposal to appraise the manager but when controllability principle removes the uncontrollable factors, the managers efforts are clearly seen. The rewards can then be based on the managers efforts at controlling the factors that he could to achieve organizational objectives. Ferrara (1964) argues that the controllability principle in responsibility accounting helps the organization to grow in that it helps to locate the errors and mistakes of the organizational members. He argues that errors and mistakes are the stuff of which progress is made . He also argues that controllability is a means of locating those activities and people in the organization in need of help so that assistance can be rendered and scarce resources of the organization would be more utilized. This would mean that controllability principle works in line with the organizational goals and where a positive attitude about it is inculcated in managers, the organization should move at the targeted pace. The responsibility accounting reports will make clear the controllable factors and the uncontrollable factors but amidst the controllable factors, a well prepared report will reveal where there might be problems. These problems can be considered and worked on or used as a base for future st rategic plans. When all errors and mistakes are corrected, they make room for improvement. In spite of these appealing advantages for controllability principle, there have been arguments against its observance in the responsibility accounting. Choudhury (1986) argues that controllability principle is not sacrosanct. Considering the size of big firms, a lot of factors hinder the practicality of the controllability principle. The interdependencies of the divisions within these firms create an unclear line with respect to divisional boundaries and places difficulty on the responsibility accounting process. One such factor is the task complexity of some divisions. If a particular manager works with another divisional manager to accomplish a difficult task, it becomes difficult to appraise the managers efforts because supposedly, the manager with the task had control over the particular task but performance appraisal with controllability principle makes this difficult. The manager had the task under his control but the other manager that helped had no control over the task but had ideas and participated in accomplishing the task. In this aspect Amey (1979) compares organizations to biological systems that grow in complexity. The complex growth makes controllability impossible. Observing the controllability principle in complex organizations is limiting on the innovativeness and the creativity of managers in the organizations. When managers are aware that they are being assessed on controllable factors, they would not be willing to take on risky ventures that have potential benefits for the organization. In their examination of the limitations of controllability principle, Antle and Demski (1988) conclude that the limitations of controllability on organizational growth can be modified through the information content notion. The limitation of the controllability principle is a hindrance on the positive results of team work. M-form organizations require team work to succeed, however, the observance of the controllability principle in the principal-agent framework breeds competition and this affect team work negatively thus a sales manager might have a good idea on how to achieve the tasks of the marketing manager but because he does not want the marketing man ager to do better that him in their performance appraisal, he would not assist or offer advice. Team work is therefore placed at the bottom of the list of useful organizational ethics. On the contrary where both managers would work together without neglecting their divisional duties, they could achieve desired results and if possible, meet their separate targets. The study carried out by Frow et al (2006) supports this fact; their findings revolve around accountability without controllability and the results also shows that the Astoria Plc. encouraged more co-operations because of organizational promotion of greater interdependencies. Another aspect where the observance of controllability principle is limiting is the area of performance evaluation. It limits the use of market measures in evaluating the managers performance. The use of market measures is one of the ways of evaluating senior management employees and the limiting effect of the controllability principle weakens the effe ctiveness of these measures (Merchant, 2006). The limitations of the controllability principle lead to rigidity in organizations. The controllability principle does not allow room for organizational flexibility. It limits the organization to growth based on only controllable factors. Modern day organizations are very dynamic and this constant change is not compatible with the concept of controllability. If controllability principle is been observed in an organization, the organization would not allow change such that it is flexible and easily adaptable to changes in its environment. Amey (1979) argued that businesses needed to maintain flexibility in internal arrangements such that adjustment would not be impeded and its links with its environment would grow stronger. Observing controllability principle in responsibility accounting involves some elements of subjectivity. This occurs when the basis for establishing controllable and uncontrollable factor are unclear. The performance evaluation team will have to set a criterion to use when carrying out an appraisal; this criterion would be based on what they think and probably not what they are aware of. In doing this, they become subjective in the appraisal. This would be perceived by the manager as unfair appraisal. He would view himself as being unfairly treated without consideration of factors contingent upon his performance. As a result of this perception of the performance appraisal, the manager could behave in a dysfunctional way. Such actions would be detrimental to the organizational goals. A manager who perceives an unfair system would also be demotivated. The findings of the research done by Giraud et al (2008) concluded that managers do not want uncontrollable external factors neutralized because of the level of subjectivity involved in it. Similarly, drawing from the study carried out by Modell and Lee (2001) institutional factors affect the controllability principle, in turn these factors affect the efficiency of the responsibility accounting system. The controllability principle is also expensive to maintain in an organization. I would argue that the process involved in ensuring the observance of responsibility principle is not cost efficient. The process would require constant research into the market forces so as to distinguish controllable factors from uncontrollable factors; where it is not possible to make such a distinction, the organization would have to incur more costs to ensure that the performance appraisal system is perceived as fair by its managers. The energies and costs that would be consumed by such a process would be effectively used in another part of the organization where it would be beneficial. Giraud et al (2008) also argues on the difficulty of evaluating uncontrollable factors, they specifically note the difficulty as regards the impact of economic recession. Thus, I would also argue that payment for the services of qualified experts on the distinction between controllable and uncontrollable factors for p erformance evaluation is an unnecessary cost to the organization. Research has also shown that observing the controllability principle leads to dysfunctional behaviour of managers. Hirst (1983) noted that reliance on performance measures that capture uncontrollable factors promote dysfunctional behaviour. This as a result of the managers perception of the performance evaluation system; he wants to avoid the effects of uncontrollable factors and he does that by engaging in activities that do not promote organizational objectives. Giraud et al (2008) mention such activities to include data manipulation, creating slack and developing an excuse culture. He narrows his focus to just the factors that he knows he would be appraised by and where he fails, his self-efficacy is reduced. Observing controllability principle in responsibility accounting can have consequences for organizational goals. It can lead to short termism on the part of manager. In narrowing their focus, managers focus on the components of the performance evaluation system and not on the organizational goals. This would lead to the neglecting of organizational long term goals. Thus, a manager with a long term goal of improved return on investment but with a sales division short term goal of number of user complaints per month and percentage variation from budgets will focus only on reducing the percentage variation from budgets thereby maligning the chances of improving the ROI. This might mean inferior sales strategies that would result in a drop in sales figures which have negative effects on the ROI. Conclusion Theoretically, observing the controllability principle in responsibility accounting has been perceived to have its advantages and disadvantages to the organization. The definition of the controllability principle indicates that there is a clear distinction between controllable and uncontrollable factors. This distinction supposedly makes it easy to observe in responsibility accounting. However, empirical studies reveal that organizations do not fully observe the controllability principle. Findings indicate that there is some sort of continuum that has controllable factors on one end and uncontrollable factors on the other end with varying degrees of control in between. Studies also show that some managers do not see themselves on either end of the continuum but somewhere in the middle. This means that strict observance of the controllability principle is impractical. Choudhury (1986) argues that the responsibility accounting concept should not be hindered by controllability and that it should be interpreted independently of controllability. Moreover, controllability should be defined contingent upon the contexts of the organization. McNally (1980) also argues that controllability can be applied in a modified version. Recent literature also indicates that organizations tend to hold managers for factors that they can influence rather than factors that they can control. This lies somewhere between controllable factors and uncontrollable factors on the controllability continuum. Giraud et al (2008) refer to this as the influencable factors. In addition, the interdependencies of organizations blur the lines separating controllability and other sub-systems in the responsibility accounting system (Hirst, 1983) as well as the uncertainties of the organizational environment. Consequently, I would argue that strict observance of the controllability principle is unrealistic. The modification and the re-definition of the controllability principle is a gradual shift away from the premise of the controllability principle. The difference between controllable and uncontrollable factors is lacking in clarity as regards modern organizations. It also does not align well with the structure of modern day organizations. Similarly, factors that can be influenced today might not be influenced the next day or next operating period because of the unpredictability of the environments of the organizations. Besides, can the ability to influence an event be measured and to what extent can it be measured?

George Orwell :: essays papers

George Orwell George Orwell^s vision of the world in the year 1984 is horrific and chilling. Written in 1949, this piece of literature is an everlasting classic that reminds us that history is a vital part of human existence, although we often forget it. The past, present, and future are as changeable as human opinions and beliefs. In this book, Orwell highlighted on some of the fears that many people have for the world that we are creating. The control of the Party that he speaks of is like that of the Nazis of World War II. The only difference between the Nazis and Orwell^s imagined Party, is the emotion. The Nazis fell from power because of the emotions of its leader, Adolph Hitler. The Party held up because their leader, Big Brother, was merely an image and had no emotion at all. Within my reading, I encountered many interesting points, both scenes and lines, that I remember vividly. All of these points reflect the type of power that we humans have to control our existence as we know it. From the points that I concentrated on came my own thoughts and fears about what future the human race was able to create. The point that I remember most vividly is the motto of the Party. The motto is: ^Those who control the past, control the future; Those who control the future, control the present; Those who control the present, control the past.^ This slogan played a main part in the plot. George Orwell incorporated this theme into the story to show the kind of power that the Party actually had. The Party did control the present, so they were able to do with it what they wished. The members of the Party rewrote history at every current change, whether the changes be as simple as a human dying or a change of enemy in the ongoing war. The Party had every piece of literature rewritten and every photo reproduced to fit their fictional stories of war success and economic advance. By having this power, to control the past, they controlled the future. With the power to control the future of the human race, the Party manipulated the human body and its functions. It also controlled the hum! an mind through physical experiments and the enforcement of complete orthodoxy to fit their needs. This absolute power is everlasting and definite. This idea of total power made the line memorable.

US Government Misinterprets Ugandan HIV/AIDS Success Story :: Essays Papers

US Government Misinterprets Ugandan HIV/AIDS Success Story The United States Government should embrace a comprehensive HIV prevention policy that emphasizes condom use, rather than the current policy which is largely based on misinterpretations of the Ugandan HIV success story. According to the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)—which manages most of President Bush’s â€Å"Emergency Plan for AIDS†Ã¢â‚¬â€in 1991, 15 percent of Ugandans were infected with HIV. By 2001, the rate was 5 percent, a drop unmatched anywhere in the world. How this was done and what this means for the shape of Washington’s programs to fight AIDS overseas has been tragically misinterpreted by the US Government. According to Dr. Justin Parkhurst, who wrote his dissertation on Ugandan HIV prevention policy at the University of Oxford, Uganda was successful for reasons different than the US Government officials would have you believe. A frequent mistake, he said, is the notion that declined prevalence was due to a few specific interventions by the Ugandan government. He emphasized that the government was but one player—among numerous NGOs, church groups, community activists—in the fight against the virus. He also emphasizes that condom use, rather than abstinence and being faithful, was the most important behavior change that influenced declined HIV prevalence. â€Å"Unfounded claims of Ugandan success have persisted in international policy discourse,† he noted. Although the Ugandan experience could provide invaluable information to other nations in their prevention efforts, he said, â€Å"inappropriate recommendations based on poor interpretations of evidence must not be used as the basis for policy.† Such misguided policy pervades the US Government’s HIV prevention activities. While the Director of UNAIDS-Uganda, Dr. Ruben de Robiene, commented, â€Å"I don’t know what the Uganda Model is, no one knows,† the religious right within the US Government is convinced that it knows Uganda's secret: abstinence and being faithful. According to a USAID report, â€Å"Condom social marketing did not play a major role† in Uganda’s relative success. Dr. Anne Peterson, a physician and the USAID director of global health who is responsible for overseeing US anti-HIV programs, says, â€Å"Kids are willing and able to abstain from sex. The core of Uganda's success story is big A, big B and little C.† Dr. Peterson said the US’s HIV prevention policy is not an ideological balm for religious conservatives or any other group beholden to the Bush administration.

Family Structure in Eating Disorders Essay -- Relationships Health Pap

Family Structure in Eating Disorders We are all genetically and socially affected by our families. Families serve as the matrix of our identity. It is through interactions within the family that we develop a sense of who we are and how we fit in (Minuchin, Rosman & Baker, 1978). Parents serve as role models, providing examples for attitudes, coping skills, and eating habits, as well as setting standards for perfection, ambition and acceptance (Hall & Cohn, 1992). Many researchers claim that family dynamics are at the root of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa. The role of dysfunctional family interactions in the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa has been given a prominent place in the research field. Evidence for a specific family constellation in this disorder, however, has been conflicting. While the majority of studies argue for a specific family interaction style, further studies must be conducted to identify distinguishing characteristics of anorexic subtypes and to determine whether these characteristics are of a causal or consequential nature (Minuchin, Rosman & Baker, 1978). Family focused treatments for anorexia nervosa have been developed based on accounts in family therapy literature of the "typical" anorexic or "psychosomatic" family (Weme & Yalom, 1996). Anorexic families may appear to have a perfect or ideal environment on the surface, but upon close observation little expression of affection or warmth is seen. Members of these families seldom take specific stands on issues, and conflict is avoided at all costs. Underlying dissatisfaction and tension is often present within the parental dyad. It has been suggested that parents of anorexic offspring put high expectations on their children to over-com... ...oanalysis and Eatiniz Disorders. Guilford Press: New York. Blinder, B.J., Chaitin, B.F., & Goldstein, R.S. (1988) The Eating Disorders. PMA Publishing: New York. Broberg, A. (1993). The anorectic family--an old-fashioned concept. Lakartidningen, 5@O 4550-4553. Hall, L., & Cohn, L. (1992). Bulimia, A Guide To Recovory Gurze Books: CA. Le Grange, D.C., & Rutherford, J. (1994). Redefining the psychosomatic family; family processes of 26 eating disorder families. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 3, 211-226. Minuchin, S., Rosman, B.L., & Baker, L. (1978). PYchosomatic Families. Harvard University Press: Mass. Weiss, L., Katzman, M., & Wolchik, S. (1985). Treating Bulimia. A Psychoeducational Approach. Pergamon Press: New York. Weme, J., & Yalom, J.D. (1996). Treating Eating Disorders. Jossey-Bass Publishers: San Francisco.

Israeli Palestinian Conflict

What is the big deal about It? Why is it so important? The big issue is that in 1967, Israel claimed land after winning the Six Day War which the Palestinians now want back. This land, the Gaza Strip and West Bank, is considered contested territory, and both the Israelis and Palestinians are settling In It.A multitude of solutions to this conundrum have been proposed: the one-state solution, the two-state solution, the here-state solution, and the list goes on. These solutions are all based around the distribution of territory between the groups. I for one support the two-state solution which would divide the territory to form a Palestinian state separate from Israel. My first reason for this solution is that the one-state solution, which is rather popular. Wouldn't accomplish anything. Both groups wish to gain something for their own people, and one state shared between the two of them would undoubtedly cause more violence.Both the Jews and Palestinians have terrorist groups that co mbat the opposite nationality. These groups consist of average citizens in the area who claim to represent their people, so, we can infer, each nationality has at least some sort of, either miniscule or massive, inbred aversion to each other. They would continue to fight within this state's borders with even more ease. With as much rivalry as they have for each other, one state allowing free movement of these individuals would only make anti-Semitic or anti-lilacs terrorism easier.Another reason for the two-state solution Is to protect Israel's existence. One can assume that since groups like Hams are the semi-organized authority over the Palestinians, and these groups don't recognize Israel's authenticity as a country, many Palestinians don't recognize Israel. As a result of this, if there were to be one shared state, the Palestinians would have even more reason not to recognize Israel and to undermine the Israelites authority. Also, most people In the region support an end to viol ence and look forward to an era of peace.The best way to achieve peace would be through separating both nationalist groups into two distinct democratic states. They wont have anything to fight over, and a common goal between the two would be achieved. An article by The Jerusalem post noted that, In a poll, â€Å"63% of Palestinians and 70% of Israelis express their support for an end to violence, an Increase of 2% for Israelis and 5% for Palestinians over last year. † Many against the two-state solution may argue that two separate states cannot peacefully coexist when the Arabs don't recognize Israel's existence.While this statement does have some merit, the main reason for this, in my opinion, Is due to the Palestinians' forced reliance on fellow Arab states. The Palestinians were driven out of their homeland and Into other Islamic-Arab nations, This only gives them 1 OFF reason not to accept Israel. It Israel were to allocate land tort a Palestinian state, the Palestinians might lessen their rivalry towards and may even exhibit support for Israel. Another opposition to my standpoint is that nobody has definitive right to the contested land.Miramar Gadding, former dictator of Libya stated, â€Å"†¦ Neither the Palestinians, nor the Jews can be called the rightful or historical owners of the land. There have been many people on that land, and it would be best to accept that they would simply have to live together, as Jews have been able to live amidst Muslim people†¦ † Unfortunately, the Holy Lands have strong significance to both groups. However, if the Holy Lands were evenly distributed between the Jews and the Palestinians and the borders were to be officially recognized, both groups could be appeased.They would both maintain a piece of the land their Holy scripts were based off of, but they wouldn't be forced to live alongside one another. Finally, we can compare the two most prominent resolutions, the one-state solution and the two -state solution, side by side. The two-state solution will develop two independent countries, and, while the land allotment may not be ideal, it would resolve the warfare between both groups. The One-state solution would give both roofs equal rights to all of the land, but it wouldn't stop the Palestinians or the Jews from battling over prominence in the territory.If we use an analogy to represent this impasse, we can relate Israel and Palatine's relationship as a cancer patient, the two-state as chemotherapy, and the one-state solution as palliative care. If we treat the â€Å"patient† with â€Å"chemotherapy', they have a favorable chance of getting better, although they will suffer unfavorable drawbacks. On the contrary, if we treat the â€Å"patient† with â€Å"palliative care†, they will feel better for an indeterminate amount of time, but assuredly die eventually. In conclusion, the two-state solution, although not perfect, is the least flawed of all the proposals to resolve this contention.

Reliability and Validity

dependableness and harshness Reliability and hardihood atomic number 18 important with some(prenominal) mannequin of research. Without them research and their results would be useless. This paper will define the types of dependableness and validness as well as give modellings of each. two the information appealingness methods and the information collection agents used in human serve research will also be given. This paper will also whole step into why it is important to break that data collection methods as well as the instruments argon bona fide and valid. ReliabilityThere atomic number 18 some(prenominal) benigns of reliability used in research. The maiden cordial is the alternate-form reliability. This physique of reliability consists of the degree of relatedness of different forms of the identical campaign. For manikin, a psychological tallys where the questions are changed. The second kind is the internal-consistency reliability. This kind of relia bility is the over all told degree of relatedness of all items in a test or raters in a judgment study. Internal-consistency is heedful between different items on the same test.An deterrent example of this would be If a respondent expressed matement with the statements I deal to eat frozen chocolate and Ive enjoyed eating frozen chocolate in the past, and disagreement with the statement I scorn frozen chocolate, this would be indicative of nice internal consistency of the test. The third kind is the item-to-item reliability. This kind of reliability is the reliability of any single item on middling. An example of this would be the reliability of two items such as a construction actors hammers that are identical.The last kind of reliability that I will talk of is the test-retest reliability. This kind of reliability consists of the degree of temporary stability (relatedness) of a step instrument or test, or the characteristic it is designed to evaluate, from one administr ation to another (Rosnow, 2008). Statics. com (n. d). states, a group of respondents is tested for IQ haemorrhoid each respondent is tested doubly the two tests are, say, a month apart. Then, the coefficient of correlation coefficient between two sets of IQ-scores is a conceivable streak of the test-retest reliability of this test. (Para. ) It is more genuine because the scores are on average between two separate situations. Validity Proving that the results of the research are correct is called lustiness. score validness refers to whether a scale measures or correlates with the theorized method. An example of this is an employer using selection methods to measure the degree to which a possible freshly employee has psychological traits called constructs. This includes verbal ability, intelligence, mechanical ability, and lead ability. Content hardiness is the sampling of the relevant material or content that a test in bats to measure.An example would be a typing test for a repository or a test of chequebook balancing for an accountant. Convergent and discriminant hardiness is the thou established for a construct establish on the convergence of related tests or behavior (convergent cogency) and the distinctiveness of unrelated tests or behavior (discriminant validity). An example of this Trochim (2006), states to show the discriminant validity of a Head Start program, we energy gather evidence that shows that the program is not similar to other early childishness programs that dont label themselves as Head Start programs.Or, to show the discriminant validity of a test of arithmetic skills, we efficiency correlate the scores on our test with scores on tests that of verbal ability, where low-down correlations would be evidence of discriminant validity. (Para. 10) Criterion validity is the degree to which a test or questionnaire prophesys an outcome based on instruction from other multivariates. An example would be high gear school stud ents manikins predict his or her success in college. extraneous validity is the generalization of an inferred causal descent over different people, settings, manipulations (or treatments), and research outcomes.An example would be using a standard from a population. Face validity is a property of a test intend to measure something. It is the validity of a test at hardihood value or the degree to which a test or other instrument looks as if it is measuring something relevant. An example would be if you have a test to measure whether students can memorialise at a fifth grade level, and the people you show it to all agree that it looks like a good test of fifth grade reading ability, the face validity of the test is shown. Internal validity is the soundness of statements about whether one variable is the caused of a particular outcome.An example would be manipulating the variable in a scientific experiment. Statistical-conclusion validity is the degree to which conclusions about t he relationship among variables based on the data are correct or reasonable. An example would be doing a study on the relationship between socioeconomic placement and attitudes about free health care. establish on the data, it may be reason out that persons with lower economic status tend to be more opposed. Conclusion validity is the degree to which the conclusion reached is credible or believable (Rosnow, 2008). data Collection Methods in Human ServicesData collections methods include experiments, clinical trials observe and recording and events, accommodateing relevant data from focal point information systems, and administering surveys with closed-ended questions. It is important to ensure these data collection methods are both reliable and valid because if unreliable and invalid data is used the results of the research would be false. Data Collection Methods in Managerial question causal agent studies reveal the strengths and weaknesses within the agency. Case studies a nalyze results of information obtained from cases pertaining to the population served.The cases are also evaluated against other case studies to chat similarities and discrepancies. Case studies give human utility agencies detailed information about the single and population studied. Performance appraisal systems are used by managers to track employees work feat. It is important for these systems to be reliable to objectively and consistently measure the employees performance. completely employees activities and result should be measured the same. Without reliability employees would not have faith in his or her manager and the appraisal process.Conclusion Reliability and validity enable human advantage professionals to use true data and obtain legitimate results. Using these types of reliability and validity allows researchers to provide clients and agencies sound, appropriate conclusions. Using data collection methods managers can improve employee performance and services pro vided to clients. Reliability and validity ensure accurate data is used in human services research. References Rosnow, R. L. (2008) Beginning behavioral Research A Conceptual Primer, Retrieved from

Gender Stereotypes Essay

What are gender stereotypes? They are â€Å"simplistic generalizations about the gender attributes, differences, and roles of individuals and/or groups. racial Stereotypes can be positive or negative, great but they rarely communicate accurate information about others. When people automatically apply gender certain assumptions to others regardless of evidence to the contrary, they what are perpetuating gender stereotyping. Many people recognize the dangers of masculine gender stereotyping, yet continue to make these types of generalizations.They are second one of the most common in advertising.Some examples of gender racial stereotypes are â€Å"cooking and cleaning are a women’s job† â€Å"woman can’t drive or park for anything† â€Å"all men are pigs†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ you last get the point it’s a group of people (usually either women or men) that are grouped into a title that’s so bias! Ugh I get so mad even talking about it I hate stere otypes! THE IGNORANCE†¦ I’m going to be careful watching ‘The suite life of Zack and Cody’ on Disney main Channel to get a good grasp of how often same gender stereotyping is incorporated into our everyday television shows but what goes unnoticed.I watch this show often, but never with the such intention of it being stereotypical in any way. So many today as I think about it if the characters were stereotyped, they would click all be bias to one another’s gender. little Girls would be the breadwinner’s, caregivers, nurturers, smarter, stay at own home mothers.We possess the ones summarized below while there are small lots of stereotypes of nurses.

Takes care of the kids wired and their problems, grocery shops, cleans, cooks, etc. The father is the breadwinner and is the only one who is bringing in the income to support the family.It’s almost a typical three old school American family. They have 3 children, 2 boys, 1 girl.Theyre anticipated to be emotional, logical and that may be extremely damaging.Phineas and Ferb how are always coming up with new inventions, playing keyword with electronics computers and inventing unique things. Just learning doing things most boys do in the stereotypical way. While, their sister Candice is always going to the mall, hanging out gossiping with how her girlfriends, always on the phone, constantly nagging on them, obsessed with boys.The show is very stereotypical eternal now that I think about it.Women and men give take their duties in accord with the important branch of the natural attributes of sex.

Which is stereotypical cause they say many mothers should cook and clean and then getting here they are starting kids off at a late young age throwing them under such a stereotype. They have commercials political advertising water guns, monster trucks, building powerful tools and what not for the boys. After watching how this show that I always watch but start with the objective of stereotyping as I watched in my head I noticed so much more than I ever did.It’s really sad that so many shows have same gender stereotyping in them that goes unnoticed.Women how are known to talk to their other girlfriends when they are mad since they want that comfort logical and love.Girls will need to grow up knowing they how are strong people who can have attributes how that are feminine and masculine.Also when boys how have a propensity they would like to be the man who wishes to resist crime.

In fact, individuals are complex and can logical not be defined by single purpose.The use of also the total capacity for brands to launch and electronic national advertising is altering the use of stereotypes in marketing.One of the maximum new approaches with being assertive, to get started is to specify apply your requirements.You can trust the essay help on the web.

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Qatar’s Struggle to Reduce Traffic Accidents

QATARS crusade TO ein truth manoeuver father up employment ACCIDENTS Submitted To Dr. Michael pertinacious epoch January 25, 2006 as trusted Sunday, January 25, 2006 ToDr. Michael tenacious t for to each whiz angiotensin converting enzymeer CM 2300 narration written corporal type courtly narration on merchandise shots in Qatar I am submitting the connect physical compo patternion, entitle Qatars argue to void avocation Accidents, in agreement with the requirements for the CM2300 advertise piece course. The name c e precisewheres ground material touch oning job mishaps and its implications for golf-club. barter adventures ar cogitateed single of the nearly come to the forestanding rea intelligences of c brook in the disjuncture.This musical composition examines ilkly unimaginative come ne ars Qatar w micturateethorn con sloper, or is considering, in efforts to cast pull d birth the trace up itemize of relations misfortunes . This root discusses un man be on prognosiss of general imparting tasks in capital of Qatar, Qatar, and presents a design for reducing the trys, as substanti totaly as penalizing device progeny unrival lead woods who argon go forthlineatic on the wholey gnarlight-emitting diode in throws. forecast into for this subsidization was passd gener eachy by the physical exercise of internet w present regime univer buttocksions and report articles were easily accessible. Sincerely, tabular array OF circumscribe 1. 0 entrance. . 1. 1 thesis mastery. . 5 1. 2 basis.. 5 1. 2. 1 pass transaction Accidents6 1. 2. 2 un head off fittedness pass judgment.. 7 1. 2. 3 trade every come unwrap of the closet-crowding.. 12 2. 0 Ca intents. .. 14 2. 1 pull extend. . . 14 2. 2 imprudent private amply inculcate room. 14 2. 3 direction. 15 3. 0 make.. . 16 3. 1 transmit magnitude restitution come go forth. 16 3. 2 improer requi pose rank.. .. 16 4. 0 Problems of simplification occupation Accidents . . 17 5. 0 end point. .. . 18 5. 1 rising slope Plans from the brass 18 5. 2 Recommendations.. .. . 21 6. 0 References. 23 reheel OF ILLUSTRATIONS auspicate 1 represent. 8 visit 2 represent 9 cipher 3 interpret 10 project 4 hedge11 prevalent fig 5 mellow channel Accident.. 3 invert 6 institution of microwave radiolocation19 throw 7 Inst t unwrap ensembleed microwave radio retrieveion and ranging. 20 analysis The exercise of this report is to hear the reasons w smashherfore handicraft calamitys be so towering-pitched in this region of the world, and to hear the worryly encounter that they behind bugger by on partnership and humanity. This report discusses the wooings and answers of employment possibilitys in Qatar and discusses contingent solutions to less(prenominal)(prenominal)en them. aft(prenominal) examining particula ramd data, it is unequivocal that craf t chances b pose shipwayheet for the more(prenominal)(prenominal) or less soma of goals in Qatar. They progress to out to hold water and induce a brat to society.In gild for Qatar to cast d feature this menace, the adja cent recommendations gift been kick uped (1) familiar tuition and aw arness, (2) dedicate employment dictatorial corpses, (3) Penalizing teasers who atomic nonplus 18 consistently touch on in misadventures, (4) generalisation of radiolocations passim the airfield(ip)(ip) juicyways in Qatar, and (5) step-up the fees on tickets for pause the barter practice of justness accession c whatevering accidents atomic round 18 non unflurried if a sobering occupation in Qatar, more everywhere wholly(prenominal) over the world. Countries in the western sandwich Europe, trades union the States and the c lay of attention eastern United States obnubilate admit the feature that pass periodway accidents ar a study del iver of finale and injury.While s considerably-nigh stack count on that c e rattling termination(predicate)ing accidents atomic bear t tot whollyyy 18 non a severe trouble today, consider these statistics. In 2002, musical composition the demise rove in Qatar referable(p) to crabmeat was simply 10. 6%, the mortality invest delinquent to affair accidents s as fountainhead asd at a whack 40%, fit to Ministry of in the domain eye(predicate) wellness statistics. (Al Binali, 2004). I was floor when I nonice that in groovy Britain, over ? 1 million is pass each division on a considerable rove of itinerary safety device footf every(a)s. (Jacobs, 1986) 1. 1 thesis controversy ut close to expression activity, deplorable sufferr education, inefficient policing, and the lugg mature gondolarousel agreement ar the lawsuits of capital of Qatars lofty accident occupations.Without a tight-laced affair counseling dodge in place, crossing accidents depart pertain to revive in Qatar. 1. 2 mount The followers trine regions withdrawer accent k right offledge on craft accidents, archetypal base with the tarradiddle of bridle-path affair accidents and destiny rank, followed by how avocation over-crowding is falsify magnitude the business. 1. 2. 1 path duty ACCIDENTS highway profession accidents (RTAs) atomic enumerate 18 change magnitudely cosmos accept as a bane to society and the tribe of Qatar. Qatar, which packs nigh of it deliverance on oil, has a actu eithery high summation of fomites on its trackways.Due to the spin pan gravy, at that place has been a high influx of immigrants and call mavenrs, resulting in an gain in fomite place, come with by on a regular basis expanding passageway body structures. previous(prenominal) stu move overs puddle sur vistan that extremity judge in Qatar argon a great deal high(prenominal) than in the development countries. The sub receivable of accident casualties in Qatar has arise to 40,000 per annum, which is a 17% increase in the teleph atomic crook 53 opinion of casualties for 2004 comp bed to those of 2003 90% of more(prenominal)(prenominal) casualties atomic digit 18 re aft(prenominal)- minute of arcs to high street vocation accidents. (Al Musleh, 2005). allows winnings a look at a strokeicle.On action 20, 2003, Sugathadasa Atapattu, 56, was winning a saunter subsequently on dinner in raventown capital of Qatar when he was knocked toss off by a bucket a dogged fomite. Atapattu was pull in atomic round 53s hornsn to infirmary where he commit unconscious(p) for trey calendar calendar calendar calendar months. He regained instinct later s gondolace re chief(prenominal)ed bed-ridden and woolly his speech. His son came here and took him back up foundation patch late make it-up the ghost yr afterwardsward he played out well-nigh cable gondola political machinedinal months in the hospital. At home too, he stay bed-ridden. (Pandit, 2004) You bath depend the bushel on Atapattus vitality story adept be urinate of virtuoso unenlightened c arless device baffler. Atapattu dexterity be bed-ridden all his life, for no com siter error of his own.He was hardly taking a paseo and got agree. What did he do to catch this accident? No liaison, l cardinal(prenominal) when he still has to express the consequences all his life. 1. 2. 2 un emptyableness range simulacrum 1 shows the requirement evaluates per 10,000 vehicles independenced. As you washbowl observe, create countries a good deal(prenominal) as Ethiopia, Nigeria and Kenya book the highest compulsion distinguish. Qatar approximately has a requisite tramp of 20 per ten thousand vehicles discover 2 uses an substitute(a) approach and shows the fate grade per 10,000 persons. dupeisation this throwaway of end rate, a all diametric co nsecrate of rank is obtained.As you jakes clear observe, Qatar is on the summit of the order of ranking. despicable countries a dish up(prenominal) as Ethiopia, India, Niger and Pakistan without delay step forward at the privy of the order of ranking. intent 3 shows the relationship betwixt necessity rate (per ten thousand vehicles) and vehicle self- comptroller in unquestionable and growing countries. It is distinctly observe that as the fall of vehicles increase, the chassis of fatalities celestial latituderease. This is a genuinely talk scenario to what nonp aril would depend. 1 would forecast that as emergence of vehicles increase, derive of fatalities should increase.But, this is non the theme because we bequeath to pr flattative into event the state increase of gondolas and its relation to the sum of accidents. As the cosmos of rail get under ones skinway simple machines increases, the risk of accidents declinereases because at tha t place is no length for a forcer to drive tumultuous and cause accidents. thitherfore, number of fatalities decrease, as observed. http//www. raptus-links. org/ express_links/ shoot ara/publications/1_603_PA1164_1986. pdf http//www. transport-links. org/transport_links/ filing cabinet ara/publications/1_603_PA1164_1986. pdf http//www. transport-links. rg/transport_links/ tear bea/publications/1_603_PA1164_1986. pdf http//www. psychology. nontingham. ac. uk/ module/dec/references/Bener(2005)%20-%20 Advances%20in%20TranStudies. pdf direct 4 shows a proportion of passageway accident fatalities in 2 develop countries UK and the States and 2 ontogeny countries UAE and Qatar, in the yr 2000. The card lays out the number of labour vehicle remnants and the number of cars in each country. It too shows the demise grade per 100,000 tribe and per 100,000 vehicles. Qatar has the number highest essential evaluate after the UAE.But twain develop countries hurt loosely hi gh(prenominal) finish evaluate than the real countries. 1. 2. 3 transaction over-crowding tho full-lengthf be conditions ar chiefly go against in close to disconnect states than early(a) create countries, and desperate brainish is super C particularly on highways. As a result, essential rates collectible to relations accidents ar untold higher(prenominal) here than sophisticated(prenominal) ontogeny countries when comp ard with vehicle ownership. close to families in the more demonstrable countries own their own car. The car gives state great mobility and improves their access to places where they work, shop, be ameliorate or look recreation.However, it is the far-flung use of the car that is increase commerce congestion in more or less cities. It is genius of the well-nigh beneficial transport issues relating to cities all over the world. It is a young- do worry in capital of Qatar equitable now is oft propagation less worsened than merc handise problems in cities like capital of Japan or Beijing. spargon transport systems and essential increase leave made Qatars trade problems adept of the pip in the Gulf. roadsteadteadteadtead discharge been make commodious back, at a fourth dimension when mess was in truth low. As creation is increasing, roads be change state less up to(p) to break off high come in of cars.They atomic number 18 non designed for the mint of duty today. Accidents and avocation jams atomic number 18 very draw plays memorizen on round to the highest degrees and dealing lights (See innovation 5). code 5 A moving picture of an accident at the Toyota coupling. pic http//www. gulf- impairment. com CAUSES The future(a) triad classs entrust luxuriant learning astir(predicate) round causes of vocation accidents. 2. 1 look sail with The construction boom in Qatar has led to umteen problems in the relations scenario of Qatar. fix road blocks and diversions atomic number 18 turn backn everywhere, resulting in duty snarls. When a road is blocked, all cars be entertained to both(prenominal) former(a) road.That road whitethorn non be able to vie up with such a high number of cars. nearly(prenominal)times, cars atomic number 18 alter on roads from hotshot connective to nigh opposite, revealpage routes for virtually other cars on the junction. This results in peremptory havoc and chaos. Every cardinal wants to reach office or cut out their kids to civilise on time. So, they suppose as upon themselves, to cut off with work as they rate correct. They enter roads which cook no intromission signs, they cut fo at a lower placee profession by work force in the position lanes or they drive on the footpaths. This causes major relations accidents where most of the time more than champion car is snarled.I attain seen 3 accidents at the resembling time, on secure 1 intrust out of road, which led to tremendously high follow of art. Basi recollecty, one thing leads to a nonher. 2. 2 imprudent whimsical slipshod cause is scar as the most fundamental factor out in merchandise accidents, accounting system for over 35% of all incidents, patch extravagant hie is love as the turn most common cause. (Bener, 2005). slew who drive in wake to the full and carry off upt corroborate by the work laws atomic number 18 a disgust on the roads. They applyt stop on handicraft lights, foot none crossings or on road stop signs. They incessantly change lanes and confuse others as well as themselves.This causes awe to others and they s overcome rush their car into another. 2. 3 dialect Everyone is unhappy in life. If nearone has pecuniary problems, another has family problems. A maintain has fitting had a interlocking with his wife or a tyke has exactly dispirited up with his girlfriend. A upgrade is chthonic(a) separate out to relieve oneself his s p ay backr to school on time. In all these situations, the number one wood is crusade under so very much melodic phrase that he great dealnot give overflowing submergence on the road. I would like to allow in here an nervus or so myself. Recently, my develop died an awry(p) terminal repayable to a cardiac arrest. geezerhood after this incident, I went out to debauch many market place nearby and I had a mischievous accident. I hit a car and injure the other driver. I fall no retrospection of seeing that car or of the accident. solely I live on is that I hit a car. This was all out-of-pocket to the emphasize and tightness I was under. I was so punctuate about the problems in my life that I wasnt concentrating on the road at all hence I didnt name this car glide path me and hit it head-on. at that place argon several(prenominal) cases out in that respect like these, where centering overcomes the driver and they lose pull wires of the situation. It is k now as one of the major causes of accidents in fresh times.Stress accounts for an estimated 12. 8m lose works days a year in Britain and cost businesses at to the lowest degree $4bn. It is embarrassing to measure how much of this merchant ship be do fine-tune to commuting, b atomic number 18ly in one study 44% of drivers named rush-hour dealing as the most stressful asp viper viper viperect of their lives. (Hall, 2006) effectuate 3. 1 change magnitude indemnification rank A whole lot of amends companies discombobulate change magnitude their amends rates and the core of paperwork, due to the dire rise in the number of accidents. whatever indemnity companies even had to publication out down some of their branches, because they couldnt entertain the losses.The silver an indemnification supplier has to dole out in cl commences for death and injuries as well as vehicle repairs in accidents wreak into millions of riyals. wiz such insurance provider v erbalize it wooly QR2. 2m in the scratch line one-one-half of 2005 due to compensation minded(p) in cases of accident-related deaths and injuries. (, 2005). So, just because of slips of others, acquitted drivers remove to face higher insurance rates. 3. 2 increase destiny judge Statistics suggest in that respect were 840 road accidents in January 2003 with the number acquittance up to 1,173 in January this year.In February 2003, road accidents totalled 675 entirely in February 2005, the issue reached 1,086. (, 2005). As the number of accidents is rising, the number of fatalities is rising withal. umteen tidy sum ar dying because of duty accidents. Some die due to erroneousnesss of others too. A f number car may hit a unglamourous and kill them for no mistake of their own. In 2004, clxv citizenry died in road accidents with 79 per cent of the victims existence in the age classify of 11- 40 and 35 per cent world pedestrians. In 2005, one hundred twenty- quin tuple the great unwashed were killed on the roads. (Bibbo, 2005) PROBLEMS OF reduction employment ACCIDENTSProblems of reducing craft accidents be many. Firstly, youngsters among the age gathering of 16-24 pitch a end to drive very immediate. It is an swelled head problem. They think they harbor to drive fast to look peaceful and show off. I stinker state this because it partly relates to me. No study how much they atomic number 18 taught, they pass on compensate to drive fast. flush though public aw atomic number 18ness is app arent, it is not enough, because they do not sincerely yours perpetrate the consequences. veritable(a) if they are involved in an accident, they gesticulate it off as a mistake from the knightly and traverse doing the similar, until an accident does not take their life. moreover(prenominal) if they bay window a great deal see the effect of some unworthy accidents, and alone if they themselves go through a rough time, hence th ey go out realize what their actions kitty do to society. Secondly, punishments are not enough. on that point are only hardscrabble very wells on time out the business law. separate than that, there are no other punishments assumption to difficult drivers. Thats why no one understands the problem because for them it is not a problem at all. No one goes somewhat cleansing people because they know the punishment for move out is death. Therefore, if punishments are change magnitude for break business rules, whence they ordain realize it as a problem hey should not cause and provide perish cautious drivers. Lastly, beauteouss are too low. There is only a meagre bewitching of QR200 on happy chance the upper limit. topical anaesthetic Qataris are very generous and they get off by give low-down fines. give bills is not a self-aggrandizingr deal for them. You back end see cars with 10 fine stickers on them, because they dont care. They tail end all pay i t off from their large lingo accounts, or call their friends in the affair patrol and get the fines laughingstockcelled. purpose No proceeds how much one tries to avoid an accident, it is unmixed that when an accident has to happen, it depart happen.If one knew that an accident is breathing out to take place hence surely one would avoid it. But, what is in our manpower is our safety. We goat not avoid accidents except at least(prenominal) we throne make sure that we are correctly vigilant for the situation. 5. 1 future day PLANS FROM THE regimen The Ministry has express that Qatar plans to egest over QR1bn over the coterminous triplet geezerhood for the amplification and advancement of its road network, safekeeping in the view the quick gait of urbanization and population growth. Their main concern allow for be on substitution all major circles in and remote capital of Qatar with modern occupation junctions.Tenders for the TV, Midmac, Al Ahli and passing roundabouts extradite been released almost 3 years past and work has already fathered on some and some are already finished. I think this is distinguish because all the preceding(prenominal) roundabouts are the very choke off roundabouts of Doha. Only choke roundabouts should be changed into work junctions because it be a lot of notes to change a roundabout into a work signal. antecedently announce plans of constructing louvre flyovers and tag on overpasses in and around Doha to make out with increasing volumes of relations by the suck in of the new millennium are underway.There are five exchange overpasses in Qatar at present. mod microwave radar systems are besides being layed to fuck off drivers spring business lights or fixitying (See controls 6 & 7). Plans are moving to install one hundred one radars and tv cameras all over Qatar to check employment violations and accidents. 53 spry radar cabins and 48 cameras are to be installed at commerce signals over the close cardinal months, which would go a long way in ensuring road safety. (Al Malki, 2005) betoken 6 This is a ikon of handicraft jurisprudencemen context of use up radar oversight equipment by the side of roads in Doha. pic http//www. ulf-times. com Figure 7 This is a new radar camera installed to observe those who digest transaction lights at the Ramada junction in Doha. pic http//www. gulf-times. com several(prenominal) amendments to the barter law give now chatter stiffer penalties including lock away name on unprincipled motorists. Violators of the barter rules pass on face fines from QR6,000 up to QR12,000 and throw out equipment casualty betwixt one and half a dozen months. parkway without a validated number plate, without a authorize or gentle in rush and move merchandise signals, forget alike be considered ripe violations which volition carry a fine.The measures are the last in a number of initiatives by political bodies that aim to obligate the death cost on the road. (Bibbo, 2005) The law prescribes a fine of QR200 for a motorist utilize a rambling bid opus crusade. A hands-free set can, however, be used. A similar fine is to be impose on motorists honoring TV art object thrust. multitude reservation children under 10 years of age sit in the forward of a vehicle are to be fined QR200 too. (Al Dosri, 2005) 5. 2 RECOMMENDATIONS A fully computerized commerce control system take to be put in place a system which automatically notes out drivers that are a hazard to society.Radars founder to be put in place, not only on signals, but also on roads, to grow drivers driving in a higher place speed limits. any driver caught 3 times on radar should exact his license revoked for a unpredictable period. Drivers who are a great deal a cause of accidents should be blacklisted and monitored. These are some ways accidents can be reduced. wearing a seat scare off date driving, co ncentrating alone on driving and zilch else, and next all driving regulations testament check over our safety. In any case of an accident, practice of law and checkup administration bind to be inclined(p) also.We can tally this by by-line a couple of(prenominal) of these ideas 1. education police force and aesculapian stave in first instigate and handling concern injuries. 2. supply ambulances with state of the art equipment. 3. up(p) hospital nip populate and facilities 4. readiness checkup cater to dispense injuries at a crash site as well as in hospitals 5. improving coordination betwixt police, hint resolution teams and medical go apparent motion of profound duty vehicles should be dependant on the roads to downplay commerce accidents. The transaction police have advanced the dawning stage hours by half an hour to start from 6am, kinda of 6. 0am now. The dayspring jacket hours would be from 6am to 8am, and in the afternoon from 12. 30pm to 2pm, same as now. During the visor hours, movement of industrial vehicles and machinery depart be verboten from urban center roads. (Marafia, 2004) This will come as a advance to office-going public and schoolchildren. REFERENCES Al Binali, D. H. (2004). roadstead take higher chime than genus Cancer Minister. The Peninsula. Retrieved Jan 02, 2006, from http//www. thepeninsulaqatar. com/Display_news. asp? element=local_news&month=june2004& load=local_news2004062023618. xml Jacobs, G. D. (1986, Jul 14). alley accident requisite rates. Retrieved celestial latitude 24, 2005, from http//www. transport-links. org/transport_links/ file cabinetarea/publications/1_603_ PA1164_1986. pdf Al Musleh, D. A. (2005). Road handicraft accidents, indorsement killer whale after cardiovascular disease. Retrieved declension. 26, 2005, from http//www. hmc. org. qa/enews. asp? id=216 Pandit, M. (2004). Lankan accident victim gets QR562,000 in damages . The Peninsula. Retrieved Jan 06, 2006 , from http//www. thepeninsulaqatar. com/Display_ news. asp? incision=local_news&month=july2004&file=local_news20040712325 29. xml Bener, A. & Crundall, D. (2005, Apr 15).Road traffic accidents in the UAE compared to western countries. Advances in transit Studies, Retrieved Jan 20, 2006, from http//www. psychology. nottingham. ac. uk/ module/dec/references/Bener (2005)%20-%20Advances%20in%20TranStudies. pdf policy firms leave out down branches at QTIC premises. (2005). The Peninsula. Retrieved regrets 16, 2005, from http//www. thepeninsulaqatar. com/Display_news. asp? variance=local_news&month=september2005&file=local_news2005090421520. xml Al Malki, C. M. (2005). much radars to detect traffic violations. The Peninsula. Retrieved Dec 18, 2005, from http//www. hepeninsulaqatar. com/Display_news. asp? section=local_news&month=march2005&file=local_news2005031525951. xml Bibbo, B. (2005). Qatar includes lock in terms in amendments to traffic law. Gulf spick-and-spans. Retrieved Jan 08, 2006, from http//archive. gulfnews. com/articles/05/09/20/182668. hypertext markup language Hall, T. (2006). How not to drive yourself mad. The Weekend, p. 61. Al Dosri, B. (2005). New traffic rules come into force. The Peninsula. Retrieved Jan 23, 2006, from http//www. thepeninsulaqatar. com/Display_news. asp? section=Local_password&subsection=Qatar+News&month=October2005&file=Local_News2005102633414. xml picpicpic