Dissertation, Title question - How do managers motivates employees Essay

Paper, Title question - How do administrators persuades representatives - Essay Example The last part will be an end section which will give a review to the exposition, restrictions of the examination and further proposals for research. The point of this examination is to comprehend the different hypotheses about overseeing individuals. The principle technique for research is an auxiliary examination that will incorporate the different hypotheses created by researchers throughout the years. Since the primary point of this paper is to comprehend the different administration standards and parts of overseeing representatives inside an association, various hypotheses identifying with worker inspiration also will be talked about. Human asset is a fundamental piece of any organization and the individuals inside the organization assume a significant job. In this way seeing how to oversee individuals and the essentials of understanding the requirements of individuals at work will help make better and increasingly effective directors. This merits the investigation as it permits an away from of the different hypotheses and permits a correlation with be made to comprehend the different parts of the executives. Likewise it permits making a blend and match to have the option to get the best outcomes from all the hypotheses. This examination will permit understanding the different speculations and utilizing all the positives from every one of the hypotheses and forgetting about the negative parts of the considerable number of hypotheses. The examination is totally founded on auxiliary exploration and will be finished utilizing just the information that is as of now accessible. The exploration is finished utilizing the different speculations that have just been created. The investigation of the examination is given in the exploration investigation part. At long last, the ends some portion of the thesis sums up the aftereffects of the examination and furthermore proposes suggestions for additional exploration. This part manages the different written works that have been created over the previous years. The following area manages the foundation, which incorporates the representations of Morgan, for the various methods of looking

Essay on the Language of A Clockwork Orange -- Clockwork Orange Essays

The Language of A Clockwork Orangeâ â  â€Å"Gooly into an existence where by nochy prestoopniks rule and oobivat and by day everything is well.† This is the idea of A Clockwork Orange, a novel by Anthony Burgess, where one enters the universe of a fifteen-year-old named Alex who communicates in a vernacular language and does what he loves. This molody nadsat, or youthful youngster, drives a real existence where wrongdoing is genuine horrorshow as he evades millicents, or police officers, so as to carry on with a real existence he needs in the merzky, grazzy city where he dwells. Alex and his shaika oobivat such a large number of lewdies, however, and the millicents loveted him. He at that point turns into a plenny in the StaJa, away from his moloko, snoutie or adored old style music. As a plenny, he experiences tests by viddying sinnies, making him horn in torment at the messel of krovvy or guttiwuts. After the tests, Alex comes back to the avenues as a genuine horrorshow new malchick, incapable to horse or push w rongdoing. In the end, he meets a ded whose zheena he oobivated previously, and is fooled into nearly finishing his jeezny by thinking about the sinnies and being compelled to gooly out of an okno and falling numerous raskazzes. Alex lives, however, and comes back to a jeezny of wrongdoing and keeps the city spoogy of him. The past section gives a model what a very remarkable Clockwork Orange’s language resembles all through the movement of the novel and is mostly the motivation behind why it has grown such a faction following since its discharge in 1963. What Burgess has done is accepted English as a base language, and using slang from English, Russian, Arabic and Gypsy, shaped a language all its own which really figures out how to precisely delineate both the attitude of Alex yet in addition the mercilessness of the world wherein he lives. A portion of his wo... ...limitations in the types of laws or minor guidelines. So too does Alex express this intrigue. In spite of the fact that among today’s youth rarely to revolt or leaving on a manslaughter binge, Alex feels this is his method of carrying on with a lighthearted life. Be that as it may, because of his freedom being â€Å"denied,† he endeavors to vent his annoyance by ending it all. Once more, today’s youngsters don't by and large veer towards those limits. The equal response in today’s youth to Alex’s response would be the over the top utilization of allusion, free utilization of the vernacular, guilty pleasure in delight of all sorts, and the display of counterfeit brutality to ease anxiety. It is fascinating that there is such a stunning likeness between our reality and that of the novel in light of the fact that the novel was written in 1963, at which time there were absolutely numerous contrasts between teens’ sees at that point and those o f today.

Valuation of Corporate Social Responsibility Report Article

Valuation of Corporate Social Responsibility Report - Article Example One of the first discoveries of the examination in quite a while to how Lithuanian organizations report social obligation was that there is an incredible variety in the substance, volume, and markers reveal by various organizations. This can be a hazardous issue since financial specialists can't look at the data from various organizations in a steady issue. Perhaps the best property of the fiscal summaries utilized in the United States by open firms is that they are totally arranged in a similar way. Another issue with the acts of Lithuanian organizations concerning social duty reports is that not many organizations share the data with their investors. The way of life in this nation doesn't esteem the significance of social and ecological variables. Most researchers break down the substance of CSR reports separate from reports that outline money related data. I accept that this training may be imperfect on the grounds that the utilization of a sound corporate social duty procedure ca n enormously affect the conduct of the clients of the organization. For example, Starbucks Cafe is chosen by numerous espresso consumers over the opposition because of its help of green practices, for example, its utilization of Fair Trade Coffee. The four fundamental issues remembered for the CSR report are human rights and HR, item plan and advancement, ecological security, and network. The absence of for the most part acknowledged standards makes CSR not effectively quantifiable. The firm’s notoriety is firmly associated with its social obligation rehearses. Organizations that sabotage CSR viewpoints, for example, the network can have decimating open connection issues. Back in the late 1990’s Nike Corporation’s notoriety hit an untouched low after the disclosure of the sweetshops outrage. Numerous organizations use CSR divulgence as an instrument for publicizing purposes. On numerous events, CSR data is divided in the yearly reports, sites, and other organiza tion reports. There is an absence of examinations identified with valuation philosophies of social data. The GRI structure is a successful system utilized by numerous Spanish organizations to report social data. The GRI is a long haul multi-partner, universal procedure whose strategic to create and disperse all inclusive material manageability detailing rules. Non-budgetary detailing gives data with respect to moral, natural and social viewpoints. The fundamental point of social detailing is to make a social straightforwardness framework for mindful dynamic. Different names utilized for CSR revelation records are social advancement reports, social duty reports, social reports, and maintainability reports. CSR ways of thinking ought to be coordinated into all organization exercises so as to expand the proficiency of the firm. A few components that assist organizations with accomplishing better CSR results are acceptable partner the executives and administration, organizing CSR needs, coordination with legislative offices, and guidelines. Experimental investigations indicated that in Italy firm stock costs are not influenced by the arrival of CSR reports regardless of whether firms give close consideration to social obligation rehearses in light of the fact that the Italian money related market isn't proficient and straightforward. In the United States, CSR reports have the more noteworthy effect in financial specialist choices and eventually in the costs of regular stocks.

Responses to a Patriarchal Society in Wide Sargasso Sea and The Vanishing Act of Esme Lennox - Literature Essay Samples

The Vanishing Act of Esme Lennox (2006) by Maggie O’Farrell presents the powerlessness of women through Esme’s fate in the institution after her refusal to conform to married life, and also via Kitty’s expectations to become a wife and mother (and thus not pursue further education). O’Farrell also uses Iris as an example of a character in the modern day who challenges this when having sexual relationships with her stepbrother and a married man. In contrast, Wide Sargasso Sea (1966) by Jean Rhys, perhaps driven by her own feminist agenda, presents female powerlessness in the context of the early 19th century, through the character of Antoinette, who is forced to marry an Englishman in order to be accepted by society. Rhys also contrasts her with Christophine, a black woman who lives alone and practises Obeah, a magic considered taboo. In both novels, patriarchal power controls all female characters in some respect, whether it is through money, marriage or f reedom of expression. Iris from The Vanishing Act of Esme Lennox and Christophine from Wide Sargasso Sea are both examples of women who, it can be argued, have some power within society due to their decisions to rebel; both characters are unconventional portrayals of women, engaging in unorthodox behaviour and valuing their own interests and needs above conforming to the traditional expectations of women. Firstly, Iris has a sexual relationship with both a married man, Luke, and her stepbrother, Alex. This would be deemed wrong by society, as she has not undergone the traditional conventions of engaging in a marital relationship before a sexual one. Although views of marriage in the early 2000s had evolved rapidly from previous ones, women in the modern day are still expected to marry a respectable husband and to be faithful to him. Therefore, women who commit adultery are considered to be sinful and not respectable. Sexual encounters with a stepsibling could be interpreted as incest, even though they are n’t related by blood, and deemed immoral. Despite this, Iris has sexual encounters with both these men, showing her lack of regard for these views. Perhaps O’Farrell is implying that Iris has some power over these male characters through sex; Luke dishonours his wife on many occasions to be with her and Alex ignores their sibling status to have sexual intercourse with her. However, she must do these acts in secret, and expresses her guilt as she tells Luke, ‘I don’t want you to leave her on my account’ when he wants to tell his wife about her. The use of, ‘her’ as a term of address as opposed to her name suggests the idea of guilt as perhaps this is an attempt to completely depersonalise her to avoid feeling empathy for her. Also, Iris knows that having a sexual relationship with Alex is wrong as O’Farrell reveals in a stream of consciousness that she, ‘cannot imagine what Luke would say, how he would respond’, mea ning she avoids telling people as she is aware of the negative reaction it would have. The fact that Iris knows what she is doing would not be accepted by society reveals that she is still under the influence of social expectations. Her freedom is still restricted, although much less than so than Antoinette in Wide Sargasso Sea or Esme and Kitty in The Vanishing Act of Esme Lennox. Similarly, Christophine is unconventional in how she lives alone and has children without a husband. Rhys creates a contrast in relation to independence between the newly married Antoinette and Christophine. Despite being a former slave, Christophine has the ability to live individually with a house and garden of her own and is free to leave a relationship if she pleases with her own belongings. She disapproves of Rochester’s control of Antoinette, telling her, ‘Three children I have†¦ each one a different father, but no husband, I thank my God. I keep my money. I don’t give it to no worthless man.’ She clearly despises traditional marriage and male control, implied through the words, ‘I thank my God’ revealing just how strongly she feels about this. The religious imagery suggests she feels accepted by God, which is contrasting to popular Christian beliefs of God at the time (that he only approved of children within marriage). In the 1840s women were supposed to be completely dependent on men and all of their possessions went to their husband. The fact that Christophine rejects this shows she is not forced to conform to these expectations. She is also free to act how she pleases like Iris, practising Obeah, a faith that was deemed sinful and strange to people in this era, often associated wrongfully with witchcraft. But similarly to Iris, Christophine is also confined to secrecy; she must live away from civilization so that she is not frowned upon for her choices. Eventually Christophine is arrested for her obeah practices, rendering her helpless and unable to protect Antoinette from her fate in England. The consequences of Christophine’s behaviour are much more severe than Iris’s as in the 1930s women were treated much harsher than in recent times for being unconventional. She faces imprisonment simply for having a belief that is unknown and misunderstood by society. Therefore, despite the fact that bo th these characters are able to challenge society’s expectations of women, they do not succeed in overpowering it. Both Iris and Christophine are forced to hide themselves in order to avoid punishment for their actions, meaning they are still in many ways controlled by expectations and ultimately powerless in a patriarchal society. Moreover, both Antoinette and Esme seek refuge from the pressures of patriarchy via nature and express themselves in ways which do not conform to society’s expectations of women. As a result, they are resented by their parents as they cannot understand them. For example, one of Esme’s first memories is when she was tied to a chair. Esme remembers being, ‘strapped to a chair, the binding tight across her middle’ during a meal where her mother has guests over. This literal restraint implies that Esme is trapped within a world she does not belong. The adjectives, ‘strapped’ and, ‘tight’ are both very aggressive and forceful words, usually associated with someone in prison or a victim of punishment. The fact that Esme is tethered to the chair via her mother’s scarf could symbolise how her mother chooses to restrict Esme, and that she believes in discipline over understanding and love. It is then explained that Esme, ‘loved the space under the table’. This is something most people wouldn’t be able to appreciate or understand, as underneath the table isn’t a place people are supposed to go. As Esme is a small child this behaviour isn’t particularly strange, and would be laughed at by most people in the modern day, however, in the 1930s behaviour like this would be treated as unusual. Members of society, especially those in the upper class, were all expected to follow a certain social etiquette, and their idea of ‘normality’ was for everyone to obtain impeccable manners. When all of the guests get up to look at something Esme remains trapped in her chair. The literal separation between Esme and all of the others who have left the table could be symbolic of how Esme will never fit into society. Esme then notices how, ‘lilies stand, proud and impassive, in a glass vase; the clock counts down seconds, a napkin slips to a chair’. The use of a list of adj ectives allows the reader to have an insight into Esme’s thought process and we see how easily distracted but observant she is. The personification and natural imagery of the clock counting down and the lilies being proud and impassive could be foreshadowing the future negative events that happen to Esme as this is an unnatural view of the objects. It could also imply that Esme has a wild imagination as she is able to give human qualities to inanimate objects. In addition, Esme is discouraged by her father from continuing her education to university. In the 1930s, women weren’t expected to go into higher education, and limited to the private sphere, as shown through Kitty’s stream of consciousness, ‘I wasn’t to go to school. It wasn’t done, a girl my age. I was to stay and help with the house’. They were expected to maintain a good, clean household for their husband, cook for him and raise their children. Men, on the other hand, were a ble to continue education in order to attain a respectable job within the public sphere. Likewise, ideals of traditional feminine etiquette are presented to Antoinette when she is a girl at the convent school. Miss Germaine and Helene de Plana demonstrate the traditional British female attributes that Antoinette is to learn and embody, including beauty, chastity and mild, even-tempered manners. Mother St. Justine praises the ‘poised’ and ‘imperturbable’ sisters, suggesting this is an ideal of womanhood and that Antoinette’s own hot and fiery nature is undesirable and to be suppressed. In fact, it is Antoinette’s passion that contributes to her implied madness and unfortunate fate. Antoinette’s love of nature and eccentric personality is also despised by Rochester, who claims that he ‘hated the mountains and the hills, the rivers and the rain. I hated the sunsets of whatever colour, I hated its beauty and its magic and the secret I would never know’ before deciding to take her to England. The repetition of Ã¢â‚¬Ë œI hated’ depicts his passion and the listing technique reveals the extent of his dislike, as he wishes for his wife to be ‘normal’ and submissive as opposed to expressive. Rhys compares the garden at Coulibri Estate to the biblical Garden of Eden as it is vibrant and luxurious, but also holds a sense of loss of innocence. She claims that the garden has ‘gone wild,’ assaulting the senses and flowers are described as appearing slightly sinister, with one orchid being ‘snaky looking,’ arguably reflecting man’s decline into greed and sensuality due to the arrival of women in the bible story. This personification of nature is similar to how Esme describes it, revealing their similarly vivid imaginations. When she recalls going for a walk as a child, she says, ‘if the razor grass cut my legs and arms I would think, Its better than people’ revealing how she too literally was separated from society. She despises others as sh e does not fit into their expectations and is therefore punished and shunned, just as Esme felt as a child. Her love of nature is again expressed as she recalls, ‘it was as if a door opened and I was somewhere else, something else. Not myself any longer’. It is clear that Antoinette prefers the natural world to society as it allows her to be free from judgement and alone to do what she wishes and be who she wants to be. Both of the novels explore the idea of marriage as a patriarchal institution and demonstrate how it can be comparable to a business deal or a result of convenience rather than a product of romance and genuine love. For example, faced with the restraints of polite society, Esme rebels and Kitty conforms. Esme is a free spirit, living before her time, having no desire to be married off but wanting to go to university and be independent. Kitty is more conventional and is desperate to find a husband. We are given an insight into what married life is like for women through Kitty’s streams of consciousness, where she reveals snippets of her past. Also, as a punishment for Esme’s unusual behaviour, her mother decides that she ‘most certainly is’ going to the party. The finality of the adverb ‘certainly’ reveals how Esme will be given no say in the matter, and that she will be forced to marry James rather than falling in love with him. Her mother then ‘takes Esme’s arm and pulls her towards the dressing-table’. This physical image could also represent Esme’s powerlessness in the situation. The description of how she tells Esme to ‘Sit,’ and pushes Esme on to the stool’ again reinforces this idea, and could also suggest that Esme is being dehumanised as usually household pets are commanded to sit, hinting at the theme of ownership of women. Women in the 1930s were owned by their parents until they met a man to own them in marriage. The phrase, ‘marry her off to the Dalziel boy’ suggests her mother has no concern for Esme’s happiness, but is purely interested in getting rid of her and protecting their family’s image. James is from a respectable family and seems the only hope for Esme as a potential husband, making Esme’s mother desperate for them to marry as this was expected of women in this era. Her mother goes on to wonder if ‘a few months as James Dalziel’s wife’ will be enough to break your spirit’. Perhaps O’Farrell is attempting to suggest to the reader that marriage, and its patriarchal nature, would be oppressing enough to make even Esme, with her wild personality and imagination, be deemed ‘normal’. Furthermore, the idea of women depending financially on men is also explored in Rhys’ novel. After the death of her first husband, it can be interpreted that Antoinette’s mother views her second marriage to Mr. Mason as escapism from her life at Coulibri and a chance to regain status in society. In the 1800s, upper and middle class men viewed marriage as an opportunity to increase their wealth by granting them access to their wives’ inheritance. With both Antoinette and her mother, womanhood is related to a kind of childlike dependence on the male characters, and it is this dependence that contributes to the demise of both these women. They both marry white Englishmen in the hope of becoming accepted members of society and no longer considered outsiders, but the men betray and either abandon them or hide them away. Antoinette, like Esme, is also given little influence on if or who she marries. She and Rochester have never previously met until this point and so ha rdly know each other, yet through the arrangement of Mr. Mason and Rochester’s family, it is decided that it would be best for them to marry. All a woman’s possessions and money were to be owned completely by their husband until the First Married Womens Property Act of 1870. Without that money of her own, a married woman was economically powerless. Rochester was left with no inheritance, but he claims, ‘thirty thousand pounds have been paid to me without question or condition’ when he marries Antoinette, protecting him financially. This suggests that the marriage is more similar to a business deal than true love, as Rochester describes how, ‘I have not bought her, she has bought me, or so she thinks’. His blunt language could imply his lack of affection towards her and that his only interest is to, ‘never be a disgrace’ to his father. Antoinette has no option but to marry Rochester as otherwise, she is seen to have no future as a woman. Just like Esme, she would not have been expected to go into higher education or work. Marriage gives her a reason to live, as she is expected to look after her husband, home and future children, similar to how Kitty is desperate to find a husband as her only skills are within the household. Ultimately, both of these novels feature the protagonists who are forced to enter a patriarchal institution within marriage in order to continue. They are not given the option to become successful independently, suggesting that throughout time, women are restricted to very few options in life and are given virtually no freedom of choice. Sex is used by male characters as a way to exert power over women in both novels. This occurs in The Vanishing Act of Esme Lennox when James rapes Esme and in Wide Sargasso Sea when Rochester has sex with Amelie. James uses his physical force as he pushes Esme down on the floor and, ‘jammed a hand over her mouth’. The verb, ‘jammed’ is incredibly aggressive, revealing his lack of regard for Esme’s comfort whilst also highlighting his ability to silence Esme without her being able to stop him. Despite her efforts to equal his strength as she, ‘kicked’ and, ‘hit out at him’ Esme fails to have any impact on what happens. The final result of this incident is that Esme is so affected by what has happened she continually screams and is taken to the institution, showing the extreme outcomes of patriarchal power. Similarly, Rochester also uses sex to emotionally damage Antoinette. When engaging in adultery with Amelie, it can be argu ed that Rochester is fully aware of Antoinette’s ability to hear them, meaning that he intended to ‘break’ her so that he could have full control over her. This idea is highlighted when Christophine says to Rochester that he, ‘make love to her till she drunk with it’ and that, ‘all you want is to break her up’. This creates the idea that Rochester uses sex as a way to control Antoinette and not at all to pleasure her, like James with Esme. The result of this with Antoinette is similar in the fact she too becomes imprisoned, but in England with Rochester. In addition, Kitty and her husband’s sexual relationship within their marriage is similarly as unhealthy, but in a complete different way. We see how she feels pressured to please her husband and have a baby with him, shown via her shock at him showing no interest in sex and repeatedly saying, ‘You must be tired’ despite her attempts at submitting. She does not understand sex as this topic would have been considered taboo to discuss with young girls, however knows that men usually expect this in a marriage. Her husband appears to be homosexual, which was considered sinful in the 1930s, meaning he too is forced into marriage due to society’s expectations. This incredibly unhealthy relationship demonstrates the effects of constraints and expectations of marriage at the time. Kitty even resorts to taking Esme’s baby as her own to conform to society’s expectations of women to become mothers. The fates of both Antoinette and Esme share some parallels in relation to the limiting effects of patriarchy on women. Both women are physically trapped and kept away from the rest of the world due to their failures to conform. Esme is confined to a psychiatric hospital as a result of her extreme reaction to being raped and accumulation of her controversial behaviour. There she is denied the freedom to live how she wishes, and isn’t even allowed outside to see fresh air. She is also denied her identity, as the nurses refer to her as her birth name, ‘Euphemia’ and refuse to call her Esme, as she requests, concluding she is not in a stable state of mind. These cruel attitudes towards the mentally ill seem extremely apparent in the part of the novel set in the 1930s, however are also present in the modern day sections, as Alex calls Esme, ‘the mad old woman’ which is extremely dehumanising. Shanna Freeman explains that, ‘psychiatric care in the 193 0s was still very limited. There was essentially no treatment for schizophrenic patients’. She also goes on to explain how nurses and doctors attempted to cure patients through harsh physical means as opposed to caring for and treating them. Esme lives in this depressing setting for over sixty years, and is not even granted freedom at the end of the novel, as we can only presume she will once again return to a new hospital or serve a prison sentence for avenging herself and killing her sister. Antoinette on the other hand, is trapped in Rochester’s attic in England after her failure to become anglicised. Antoinette is denied her birth name by Rochester, a parallel to Esme not being called her preferred name. Rochester uses, ‘Annette’, ‘Marionette’ and most predominantly, ‘Bertha’ as a term of address for Antoinette, which depersonalises her. Similarly to Esme, Antoinette is also never to be released from this setting, and instead has to resort to suicide as a form of escapism. Rochester is not doing anything against the law in imprisoning his wife, whether she was mad or not. Married women who ran away from the family home could be forcibly returned to it. And so, as she too is still not free at the end of the novel, as her last opportunity to escape comes as she sets Thornfield on fire and dies, as we are to believe in Jane Eyre. Women are presented as ultimately powerless in a patriarchal society in both novels, revealing how their limitations have not significantly altered over time. English law did not recognise women as independent entities at all until 1839, which is reflected in Wide Sargasso Sea while The Vanishing Act of Esme Lennox explores how despite more laws and rights associated with female power being introduced, social attitudes towards women have hardly changed. The subjection of women to male authority is an important theme in both novels; Rhys illustrates the painfully limited role of women in Victorian society as Antoinette is unable to free herself from Rochesters brutality due to her having no financial independence, whereas O’Farrell depicts how women in the 1960s were expected to conform to social etiquette and be submissive, and where considered unstable if they rebel as Esme does. In Wide Sargasso Sea, Rochester represents the ultimate in patriarchal tyrants, but other male ch aracters in the novella also displays deep-seated feelings of misogyny, including Mr. Mason. Men such as Esme’s father, James and Alex embody the idea of a dominant male; however, in The Vanishing Act of Esme Lennox it is Esme’s mother and women who work at the institute who enforce this on Esme, revealing how all members of society have become too familiar with this social system. With the possible exceptions of Christophine and Iris, men deprive all of the female characters in both texts of their agency, something Rhys and O’Farrell clearly find deplorable.

Ford Case Analysis - 1527 Words

CASE STUDY #2 FORD MOTOR COMPANY by A Ford Motor Company - Supply Chain Strategy TABLE OF CONTENTS Part I. Executive Summary Part II. Issues Identification Part III. Alternative Options Part IV. Recommendation Part V. Implementation Part VI. Conclusion References Part I. Executive Summary Ford Motor Company was founded by Henry Ford in 1903; the company had produced over 260 million vehicles with about 370,000 employees today. Although†¦show more content†¦In order to overcome this challenge; three options were proffered which are: * Do not change the current business process * Improvement its information System on the principle of Order management system to reduce inventory and increase ROI. *Streamline the number of its current suppliers to keep inventory low and improve quality Part II: Issues Identification - Large Inventory – Ford currently holds a high inventory which will in turn tie down its working capital for example the loan received from the bank might affect it share price as a result of interest rate. - Cycle time reduction – the company current Order to Deliver (OTD) process is between 60 and 15 days. - The company’s reduction in its supplier base to have a longer term relationship with fewer suppliers known as Tier one suppliers. 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Ancient Heroes Human History And Cultures Around The World

Ancient heroes have played an important role pertaining to how we view other people and different societies. Ancient heroes have been and still are vital to human history and cultures around the world. Raglan provides a good list of traits that can be used to determine a hero. However, not all of Raglans points makes sense. With Raglan having weak points, there are points that should be added to his list. Having a hero’s father as a near relative to their mother is not a very substantial heroic trait to have. Another weak trait that Raglan’s heroes have are the fact that they end up somehow becoming king. Even though Raglan has some weak points, he also has strong ones as well. Defeating a wild beast, king, giant or dragon is a strong point that Raglan has. Another, strong point on the list, is of they’re being an attempt to kill the hero as an infant, often by a father or material grandfather. Although, those points are strong, they are not enough. 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U.S Monetary Policy in 1995 Essay Example For Students

U.S Monetary Policy in 1995 Essay U.S Monetary Policy in 1995When Alan Greenspan presented the Federal Reserves semi-annual reporton monetary policy to the Subcommittee on Domestic and International MonetaryPolicy, the Committee on Banking and Financial Services, and the U.S. House ofRepresentatives on February, Dr. Greenspan touted a cautionary yet favorableview of the U.S. economy. He states that With inflationary pressuresapparently receding, the previous degree of restraint in monetary policy was nolonger deemed necessary, and the FOMC consequently implemented a small reductionin reserve market pressures last July. (Greenspan, 1996, Speech)During the Summer and Fall of 1995, the economy experienced astrengthening of aggregate demand growth. According to Greenspan, this increasein aggregate demand brought finished goods inventories and sales into nearequilibrium.The Feds fine tuning of the economy seemed to be paying off. Greenspan had a positive outlook for the economy for the rest of 1995. Hestates the economy, as hoped has moved onto a trajectory that could bemaintainedone less steep than in 1994, when the rate of growth was clearlyunsustainable, but one that nevertheless would imply continued significantgrowth and incomes. (Greenspan, 1996, Speech)Towards the end of the year, the economy showed signs of slowing. Fearing a prolonged slowdown or even a recession in the economy, and withinflationary expectations waning, Chairman Greenspan and the Federal Reserve cutrates again in December. (Greenspan, 1996, Speech)There are, of course, critics of 1995s monetary policy. Most of thecriticism came in the early part of 1995 when the Fed raised rates again. In the article Are We Losing Altitude Too Fast from the May 1, 1995issue of Time magazine written by John Greenwald, he explains that the economymight not be coming in for a soft landing like the fed predicts. Trying tosustain 2 to 3 percent growth might lead us into a recession. Mr. Greenwaldexplains how the Feds actions in 1994 and early 1995 has hurt individuals andthe economy as a whole. Corporate layoffs are far from over, says Greenwald,they generally accelerate when firms find themselves in an economy that isweakening. (Greenwald, Time, 5/1/95, p80)Unemployment and layoffs arent the only thing to worry about accordingto Mr. Greenwald. The automobile industry and the housing markets are bothgetting hit in the pocket books. Paul Speigel, owner of a New York cardealership explains his woes by saying Were doing our best to keep up thevolume by discounting, working on our customers, but the Feds rate hikes havedampened the ability of many Chevrolet customers to buy that new vehicle .John Tuccillo, chief economist for the National Association of Realtors statesthat the market (for new housing) fell apart as mortgage rates rose above 9%last fall (1994), and still have not yet recovered. (Greenwald, Time, May 1,1995. p81)Another outspoken, and cynical opponent to the Feds monetary policy isDr. Michael K. Evans, who is president of Evans Economics, Inc. and EvansInvestment Advisors, Boca Roton, Fla. Dr. Evans wote an article in the Aug. 21,1995 issue of Industry Week entitled The Gang that Wouldnt Shoot Straight:Feds Trample Over Their Own Rate Cut.Dr. Evans contends that lowering thefederal funds rate in July was a mistake because the economy was alreadystarting to recover without tampering by the Fed. He claims Greenspan knew fullwell that the economy was on the upswing, but cut rates anyway to try to ensurehis reappointment come March 1996.Dr. Evans claims that vice-Chairman AlanBlinder also knew of the recovery but he could not face his collegues atPrinceton w hen he returned, unless he pushed for a rate cut. (Evans, IndustryWeek, Aug. 21, 1995. p122)Dr. Evans concludes that the Feds actions in July were purposelymisleading, cravenly political, and just plain stupid. (Evans, Industry Week,Aug. 21, 1995. p122)Many people applauded the actions of the Fed in 1995, and defend themfrom the rampant fed-bashing. .u14a403f0eb4b354c21af0880be2f445b , .u14a403f0eb4b354c21af0880be2f445b .postImageUrl , .u14a403f0eb4b354c21af0880be2f445b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u14a403f0eb4b354c21af0880be2f445b , .u14a403f0eb4b354c21af0880be2f445b:hover , .u14a403f0eb4b354c21af0880be2f445b:visited , .u14a403f0eb4b354c21af0880be2f445b:active { border:0!important; } .u14a403f0eb4b354c21af0880be2f445b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u14a403f0eb4b354c21af0880be2f445b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u14a403f0eb4b354c21af0880be2f445b:active , .u14a403f0eb4b354c21af0880be2f445b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u14a403f0eb4b354c21af0880be2f445b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u14a403f0eb4b354c21af0880be2f445b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u14a403f0eb4b354c21af0880be2f445b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u14a403f0eb4b354c21af0880be2f445b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u14a403f0eb4b354c21af0880be2f445b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u14a403f0eb4b354c21af0880be2f445b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u14a403f0eb4b354c21af0880be2f445b .u14a403f0eb4b354c21af0880be2f445b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u14a403f0eb4b354c21af0880be2f445b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Conducive Classroom Sample EssayOne of the defenders of the Feds monetary policy and Alan Greenspan isRob Norton who wrote an article in the July 24, 1995 issue of Fortune entitledThe Blaming of Dr. Greenspan. (Federal Reserve Board Chairman Alan GreenspanTakes Blame for Economic Downturn). Mr. Norton agrees with Greenspan that inFebruary 1995 it was essential to raise interest rates because of anunsustainable rate of growth. He says that Greenspan was ahead of the game bydoing this. The conventional wisdom crowd claimed that here was no reason tofear that the economy was going

Slavery Essays (1055 words) - Slavery In The United States, Slavery

Slavery In London in June of 1606, King James I, the reigning monarch of England, issued what would forever change the lives and destiny of the world. The king granted a group of entrepreneurs a charter, allowing them to settle the vastly unknown lands of the newly discovered continent of America. In 1607, a group of ill-suited settlers landed in the Chesapeake region of North America and established the colony of Jamestown. Ravaged by starvation, disease, and natives, the hapless settlers found little success in the early years of the colony. Only through John Smith's leadership and poise did the colony manage to survive the first few grueling years. John Rolfe's contributions ultimately saved the colony, as he was able to tame and cultivate tobacco. The settlement became dependent on farming various products. As England's insatiable appetite grew, Jamestown grew to large-scale farming techniques such as plantation agriculture. It soon became evident that a steady work force would be needed to keep up with the demand of Europe. In 1619, an institution was introduced to the colony that would forever challenge the posterity of the land, altering the scope of future American society for years to come. It is in this year that the first few African slaves arrived in the unknown continent of America. Slavery became firmly established in southern society, relied upon for economic well-being. Through years of degradation, the slaves continued their lives of discrimination and humiliation. Yet these people survived the years of oppression, creating an incredible culture that lasted through their tumultuous existence in America. The evil of slavery reared its ugly face throughout early United States history. The push for freedom grew with the aid of abolitionists who attempted to root out a corruption that appeared to consume their benevolent country. In this sea of trouble, Frederick Douglas arose to fight against this demon seed of slavery. His detailed account of his life as a slave touched the hearts of abolitionists and helped to fan the flame that would destroy this debauched institution. Frederick Douglas' narrative was a weapon that helped many Americans understand slave life and culture and the depravity of their lives through his attempt to invoke sympathy from his readers. The lives and culture of these slaves give testament to the everyday struggle and helped the call for complete abolition. Plantation life was a harsh existence for slaves. Master and slave relationships varied from different plantations. Some masters thought of themselves as having a parental role for the slaves, providing them food and shelter in exchange for a day's work. Yet other masters gave no hint of remorse or feelings towards the slaves and often inflicted great emotional and physical hardships upon them. In either case, the slave system was based on the control of one race over the other based on racial discrimination and moral injustice. Frederick Douglas' autobiography gives a first-hand account as to the life of a slave. Like Douglas, many slaves had more than one master. Often times many smaller masters had small farms all of which was on the property of one master. Each of the smaller masters had what Douglas called overseers (p. 41). The overseer's job was to control the duties and everyday tasks of the slaves. Usually the overseer is the one that delivers the punishment to the slaves. T his person is one of the most despised on the plantation because of their cold-hearted, unwavering hatred towards the slaves. The slaves were valued as property, and their meager existence outlines their struggle of everyday life. In the life of slaves, few things were as important as the family. For a person that is given few possessions, they grappled on to their relationships with their fellow captives. Slaves were not allowed to marry legally, yet they were often permitted to start families and raise children. When they were separated from family members, as was often the case, they experienced grave emotional anguish. The slaves were forced to work in the fields all day under the watchful eyes of the overseer. They served a menial existence, being given the bare necessities of food, water, and some clothing. In their small dwellings, a slave family adopted gender roles similar to

Definition and Examples of Decorum in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Decorum in Rhetoric In classical rhetoric, decorum is the use of a style that is appropriate to a subject, situation, speaker, and audience. According to Ciceros discussion of decorum in De Oratore (see below), the grand and important theme should be treated in a dignified and noble style, the humble or trivial theme in a less exalted manner. Examples and Observations Decorum is not simply found everywhere; it is the quality whereby speech and thought, wisdom and performance, art and morality, assertion and deference, and many other elements of action intersect. The concept underwrites Ciceros alignment of the plain, middle, and elevated oratorical styles with the three main functions of informing, pleasing, and motivating an audience, which in turn extends rhetorical theory across a wide range of human affairs.  (Robert Hariman, Decorum. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric. Oxford University Press, 2001) Aristotle on Aptness of Language Your language will be appropriate if it expresses emotion and character, and if it corresponds to its subject. Correspondence to subject means that we must neither speak casually about weighty matters, nor solemnly about trivial ones; nor must we add ornamental epithets to commonplace nouns, or the effect will be comic... To express emotion, you will employ the language of anger in speaking of outrage; the language of disgust and discreet reluctance to utter a word when speaking of impiety or foulness; the language of exultation for a tale of glory, and that of humiliation for a tale of pity and so on in all other cases.This aptness of language is one thing that makes people believe in the truth of your story: their minds draw the false conclusion that you are to be trusted from the fact that others behave as you do when things are as you describe them; and therefore they take your story to be true, whether it is so or not.(Aristotle, Rhetoric) Cicero on Decorum For the same style and the same thoughts must not be used in portraying every condition in life, or every rank, position, or age, and in fact a similar distinction must be made in respect to place, time, and audience. The universal rule, in oratory as in life, is to consider propriety. This depends on the subject under discussion and the character of both the speaker and the audience...This, indeed, is the form of wisdom that the orator must especially employto adapt himself to occasions and persons. In my opinion, one must not speak in the same style at all times, nor before all people, nor against all opponents, not in defence of all clients, not in partnership with all advocates. He, therefore, will be eloquent who can adapt his speech to fit all conceivable circumstances.(Cicero, De Oratore) Augustinian Decorum In opposition to Cicero, whose ideal was to discuss commonplace matters simply, lofty subjects impressively, and topics ranging between in a tempered style, Saint Augustine defends the manner of the Christian gospels, which sometimes treat the smallest or most trivial matters in an urgent, demanding high style. Erich Auerbach [in Mimesis, 1946] sees in Augustines emphasis the invention of a new kind of decorum opposed to that of the classical theorists, one oriented by its lofty rhetorical purpose rather than its low or common subject matter. It is only the aim of the Christian speakerto teach, admonish, lamentthat can tell him what sort of style to employ. According to Auerbach, this admission of the most humble aspects of daily life into the precincts of Christian moral instruction has a momentous effect on literary style, generating what we now call realism.  (David Mikics, A New Handbook of Literary Terms. Yale University Press, 2007) Decorum in Elizabethan Prose From Quintilian and his English exponents (plus, it must not be forgotten, their inheritance of normal speech patterns) the Elizabethans at the end of the [16th] century learned one of their major prose styles. [Thomas] Wilson had preached the Renaissance doctrine of ​decorum: the prose must fit the subject and the level at which it is written. Words and sentence pattern must be apt and agreeable. These may vary from the condensed native maxim like Enough is as good as a feast (he recommends Heywoods proverbs which had recently appeared in print) to the elaborate or exonerated sentences adorned with all the colours of rhetoric. Exoneration opened the wayand Wilson provided full examplesfor new sentence structures with egall members (the balanced antithetical sentence), gradation and progression (the paratactic cumulation of short main clauses leading to a climax), contrarietie (antithesis of opposites, as in To his friend he is churlish, to his foe he is gentle), the series of sentences with like endings or with repetition (like opening words), plus the verbal metaphors, the longer similitudes, and the whole gallery of tropes, schemes, and figures of speech of the last few decades of the 16th century.  (Ian A. Gordon, The Movement of English Prose. Indiana University Press, 1966)

Possible Change of Teachers Attitudes throughout their Career Research Paper

Possible Change of Teachers Attitudes throughout their Career - Research Paper Example Freedman & Carver (2007) iterate that personally-held values and beliefs of the teacher have significant influence on in-class teaching practices. Hall (2005) supports this notion, opining that it is the personal beliefs of teachers that â€Å"inform their professional attitudes and conduct in the classroom.† There is, then, an undeniable link between personal value systems and the evolution of teaching style over time which could, theoretically, have significant impact on the decision to, initially, seek a career as a high school teacher. According to Morris & Maisto (2005), the complexities associated with teaching require a self-actualized individual that finds significant psycho-social rewards for promoting higher learning and educational development in students. Under most models of psychology and sociology, self-actualization is the state of emotional being in which an individual actively seeks to pursue their maximum utility and the pinnacle of their abilities gained on ce self-confidence and self-esteem have been developed within the individual. When a high school teacher first lands their position, they often seek to break the proverbial mold of teaching by attempting to create unique and differentiated classroom content and teaching styles. Filled with fresh ideas, the teacher seeks to create a sense of personal belonging with teaching peers and with students which influences initial teaching styles. Teachers will often seek out alliances with other teaching facilitators and administrators in an educational scenario referred to as communities of practice, a collection of skilled individuals that collaborate to promote learning about a specific skill or practice (Wenger, 2005). However, it is not long into career where such activities will often meet with centralized hierarchies of control where bureaucracy and budget issues prevent effective facilitation of these communities of practice. Many teachers will attempt to create more contemporary and innovative curriculum content, using assistive technologies to facilitate modern learning concepts and principles (Bausch & Hasselbring, 2004). Other teachers in an effort to establish a positive name for themselves in the academic environment attempt experiential learning curriculum, a form of hands-on learning to facilitate a genuine and innovative learning experience (Merriam, Caffarella & Baumgartner, 2007). However, what is unclear is whether these preliminary and initial needs and values remain constant throughout the evolution of the teaching career. A Qualitative Study To determine what impacts attitudes of high school teachers early in career and throughout the evolution of practice, it was necessary to conduct a small-scale qualitative study utilizing a small sample of high school teachers as participants. Qualitative research was the most viable and reliable methodology for this study as measuring complex attitudes in a range of psycho-social principles cannot accurately be measured statistically. It was necessary to conduct semi-structured interviews with currently practicing high school

Financial & Management Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Financial & Management Accounting - Essay Example It is a way for organisations to be accountable to their stakeholders, but is also a management tool to improve the performance of the organisation. This essay focuses on understanding the role accounting, including social and ethical accounting, plays in identifying and maintaining accountability from the viewpoint of a publicly traded business organisation. Adopting social and ethical accounting has helped organisations to achieve improved results in their quest for excellence. This helps in enlightening the stakeholders about the activities of the organisation that meet the need to be accountable to the society, environment and the government. It also has shown to affect the performance on other fronts, viz. The use and extensive deployment of digital technologies and growing concerns about the social and environmental responsibilities of organisations calls for a change in the traditional view of accounting practices. In the new scenario the affect is felt in not just their functioning in economic terms, but also brings broader social, institutional and organisational effects into play. On a purely technical level, mobilisation of Information Technology (IT) influences organisational processes directly. As understanding of its potential is growing, the definition of managerial pursuits and the search for enhanced organisational performance is also changing. Inevitably, IT impacts the form, substance and provenance of internal accounting information. This influences the behaviour and actions of decision-makers. Knowledge about the influence of digital technologies on accounting thinking processes and practices is starting to emerge. Thinking on a variety of issues relating to pricing strategies, cost management and control mechanisms has already changed. However, the implications for the field are far wider. Aspects of trust, organisational power and influence, cultural shifts, and choice of strategy are altering management accounting systems, structures, thinking and practices. 3.0 Financial and Management Accounting 3.1 Financial Accounting Finance is used by governments, businesses and individuals as well as by a wide variety of organisations including schools and non-profit organisations. In general, the goals of each of them are achieved through the use of appropriate financial instruments, with consideration to their institutional setting. Financial Accounting studies and addresses the ways in which individuals, businesses and organisations raise, allocate and use monetary resources over time and reporting the results to all those who participate in the risk associated with the projects undertaken. Financial accounting may thus incorporate the study of money and other assets and the management and control of those assets. In contemporary organisations the finance is usually provided by a set of people or organisations completely different from those who are responsible for the management of the money and assets of these

Of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

Of Mice and Men Essay In the book â€Å"Of Mice and Men† by John Steinbeck, the characters felt considerable loneliness, even around other people. They feel left out, ignored, and even invisible with no one to talk concerning his own thoughts. Although a person is surrounded by others, feelings of loneliness can occur. For instance, in â€Å"Of Mice and Men† the characters ignored by other people at the farm felt lonely. One character who expressed her loneliness was Curley’s wife. At one point she said to Lennie, â€Å"I never get to talk to nobody. I get awful lonely†¦ I can’t talk to nobody but Curley. Else he gets mad. † (Steinbeck 86) She expressed to Lennie how she is ignored and lonely. On the contrary, if a person were surrounded by friends then he would not feel lonely. A good example of this would be George and Lennie. The two men were close friends and were not lonely as they stuck together no matter what might happen. Although there were other characters in â€Å"Of Mice and Men who were lonely, if they reached out to those around them, the profound loneliness felt would disappear. On the other hand, many workers during this time period often go from one job to another to survive. Many people who lived at this time had little chance to have a asting friendship and became lonely as a result. In the book, George lost his friend Lennie would be lonely how without a friend. Another character, Crooks was an lonely person, but his loneliness was due to his race. In the end, many of the characters wanted companionship though sadly most ended up alone. All in all, in â€Å"Of Mice and Men† many characters felt loneliness in their daily lives even with other people around them. In fact a person who can be surrounded by others and have strong feelings of loneliness. In life if someone is lonely and seeking friendship he should reach out to others so as to remove the loneliness one may feel.

Patrick Geddes Revisiting Ideas Behind the Evolution of Sex :: Essays Papers

Synopsis of the Reading and Its Impact in History Patrick Geddes Revisiting Ideas Behind the Evolution of Sex During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, scientists armed with important discoveries and novel techniques began to reevaluate the theories of race and sex. One of the important thinkers of this time was the Scottish biologist Patrick Geddes. Like many other scientists of the time, Geddes applied Darwinian evolutionary theory to other non-scientific contexts. Although Geddes is more commonly associated with social ideologies such as economics, education, and urbanization, this examination will be limited to the impact of his ideologies regarding societal gender roles and sex-determination on society and the scientific community. The book entitled Sex, co-written by Patrick Geddes and J. Arthur Thomson was published in 1914 and concentrated on these issues of sex. The authors extrapolated on initial claims from their first book together, The Evolution of Sex by utilizing more â€Å"current† discoveries. The foundations for the ideas inherent in both books stem from August Weismann’s germ-plasm theory and Darwin’s evolutionary theory. Use of the latter theory is unsurprising since Geddes was the protà ©gà © of T.H. Huxley, often referred to as Darwin’s bulldog because of his infamous advocation of Darwinian theories. Nonetheless, the importance of Geddes work on societal gender roles and sex-determination is evidenced through his descriptions that allude to male superiority, while maintaining the view that women are not defective.. Geddes work described the evolution of sex to argue societal gender roles as naturally caused. The conception of roles as â€Å"naturally caused† implies fixed or invariable innate differences between the sexes which, through evolution, is made more apparent in higher organisms. This is central to the belief behind Geddes basis of gender roles. In the second chapter of his book Sex, Geddes begins by attributing significance to the microbial act of conjugation where two Vorticella connect to partially exchange genetic material before they separate. He describes these unicellular organisms as, â€Å"Analogues of males and females among multi-cellular organisms†¦ they are like ova and spermatozoa which have not formed ‘bodies’† (Geddes, 23). Here, Geddes is correlating the act of conjugation to the act of sexual intercourse by the coming together and the exchange of genetic information.

Inventory Systems Summary Essay

Abstract To be successful in today’s business environment, an organization must be able to perform certain fundamentals accurately and efficiently. One of these elements is having an effective and efficient Inventory System Management (ISM). ISM enables one to have the knowledge of where his or her inventory is at every step of the way. This allows one to better interact with consumer and make sales. Choosing the right ISM can lead and pave the ground work for future business success and profitability. Inventory System Summary The purpose of this group assignment is to collaborate as a team to compare different inventory systems and describe the advantage and disadvantages of each system in comparison to the others. Management of inventory is important to any business that wants to succeed. Companies purchase inventory systems to help manage the inventory of an organization. Team A reviewed the following companies and their inventory management programs: Best Buy, , and . This Inventory System Summary includes a description of the chosen companies and their inventory systems, and a comparison describing the advantages and disadvantages of each system. Best Buy Best Buy is the largest consumer electronics store in the world. Each year it increases its presence in the market share and distances itself from  others in the industry. Best Buy is headquartered in the Twin cities area of Minnesota, where it handles all main business functions and the leadership that manages its 180,000 employees and 4,000 stores across the globe (Best Buy, 2010). During the previous fiscal year, Best Buy accumulated nearly 50 billion in revenues and 2.2 billion in operating revenue. They also reported that they possess 18.3 billion in total assets and 6.3 billion in total equity. Best Buy has a large array of merchandise including: consumer and commercial furniture, small and major appliances, and a wide assortment of consumer electronics. They also offer an increasingly large list of services. These services include Geek Squad computer services, Best Buy for Business commercial services, and many other services designed specifically for the end user. They operate stores in many countries across the world; however they also operate their company online. From their website, Bestbuy.com, many of their products and services can be ordered and set up for delivery. The different types of products and services Best Buy offers in addition to the different options available to purchase and receive their merchandise makes Best Buy a very difficult company to maintain. They are successful because of the time and money put into their inventory systems. To maintain continuity across the board for all of their partner companies and different store brands they operate , Best Buy uses a similar inventory management system that allows them to track inventory, along with a transaction management system that directly adjusts and updates the world wide inventory both in warehouses and within each store. Most products that Best Buy sales are shipped directly from the manufacturer to the many warehouses and distribution centers across the US and the world where the stores and online sales can pull and ship directly from. One change that Best Buy has gone through the past five years is a switch to a partially vendor based management system. With this new system, Best Buy will limit the vendors and distributers that they purchase from, and will relinquish some of their inventory control over to them. The innovation created by this new system allows vendors to monitor inventory levels and to  ship and replenish product as levels get low. Some of the advantages of this system are: the advantage of directly supplying to the customer from vendor, which cuts the delivery time shorter, availability of the product, ability to offer products at a lower price compared to Best Buy’s competitors, and the flexibility to further develop other areas of their business. Some of the disadvantages are: limiting the vendors may limit the variety of products, relinquishing inventory control over to vendors and distributors may negatively impact their customer satisfaction, and the customers may decide to deal with supplier directly which could put Best Buy at risk of loosing their business. Inventory levels over the past 4 years have remained on an increasingly consistent track as their revenue has risen. According to Best Buy (2010), this rise in revenue and assets is partly due to the fact that they enter new markets and open new stores across the world. The latest opportunities that they have come across include new stores in Europe and other areas overseas. This is new territory for Best Buy but has been a successful venture based on their flexibility with their inventory systems that they have in place. The following table presents the last five year financial highlights according to the Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of Annual Report on Form 10-K. (Investor Relations, 2010) Dell Dell is clearly a giant leader in the information technology world. Dell is an American company with headquarters in Round Rock, Texas. The company develops, sells and supports computers and related products and services. The company got its birth in 1984, founded by Michael Dell. Dell has become one of the most admired companies in the electronic industry. According to Fortune Magazine, Dell is listed as the 38th largest company in the United States. Based on total revenue, Dell is the 5th largest company in Texas and the 2nd largest non-oil company in Texas (Wikipedia, 2010). So, how does Dell do it? Managing its inventory base is an indication. From its early beginnings, Dell set the bar. Dell uses the just in time (JIT) approach in the manufacturing facilities. By using this technique, Dell can minimize its inventory cost. In an industry that rapidly changes, maintaining low inventory levels is one key factor to survival. According to Wall Street Journal’s MarketWatch (2010), the following table provides a  snapshot portion of the financials recorded for Dell from its balance sheet. Annual Financials for Dell, Inc. According to Wikipedia (2010), just-in-time (JIT) is an inventory strategy that is designed aide in improving a business’s return on investment by reducing in-process inventory and any carrying costs associated. JIT production method is also known as the Toyota Production System. JIT works with of use of signals at different points in the manufacturing process. The signals indicate the presence or absence of a part or the need to make another part. If JIT processes are implemented correctly, it can improve an organizations return on investment, quality,  and efficiency. It is quite simple; the philosophy behind JIT is inventory is waste and Dell has tried to capture that philosophy. Wal-Mart The world’s largest and most profitable retailer, Wal-Mart continues to expand its reach in the US and worldwide. To do this, Wal-Mart has to track what is selling, what isn’t, and what products its over 3,740 stores nationwide need – whether it be their discount stores, supercenters, or neighborhood markets. The below excerpt from the 2010 annual report (2010 annual report-walmartstores.com, 2010) shows the level of inventories that Wal-Mart has maintained for the last four years: (Amounts in millions except per share and unit count data) With an average of $34m in inventory, being valued under the LIFO – last in first out- method – keeping track of it is of major importance to the retail giant. To keep track of its inventory, â€Å"Wal-mart and Sam’s Club use electronic product code (EPC) labels to make sure the products you want are available when you need them† (walmartstores.com, 2010). What is an EPC? The EPC is a lot like a bar code that most stores use. Wal-Mart uses the EPC because the information that can be tracked about the product being purchased includes: what the product are, who are the manufacturers, and other specifics like color, size, style, and more. The information provided by the EPC allows Wal-Mart to better manage the inventory on hand, making sure the store provides its customers with what they want, when they want it. How does EPC work? EPC labels consist of a unique number that can be tied back to a specific piece of merchandise. Using special readers, and through the magic of RFID’s, the EPC doesn’t have to be scanned directly for them to be read by the computers. This means that Wal-Mart â€Å"can count thousands of items in seconds and know which products are out of  stock† (walmartstores.com, 2010). The products that Wal-Mart is tracking with the EPC are easy to find. They are identified by an EPC symbol. What does EPC mean to consumers? The ability to track finite inventory information is important as it ensures that the retail giant can keep products in stock that consumers want. Amazingly, with all the information that the EPC tracks, there is no invasion of privacy to the consumer. The EPC does not collect personal information when purchased. Labels are not tracked once the actual merchandise is bought and leaves the store. Comparison The different inventory systems used by each organization share a common goal. The system tracks the inventory for each company allowing them to hopefully save money by knowing where items are and what needs to be purchased. Each organization emphasizes inventory control and recognizes the effects of inventory management on their overall profitability. To this end, many of the companies use a variation of bar coding or Radio-frequency identification (RFID) to track inventory. Each organization also ties inventory management to an awareness of demand; this allows the organization to quickly react to changing market conditions. Conclusion Because inventory is possibly the largest current asset listed on a organizations financial statement, correct inventory management is at the heart of a business’s success or failure. References 2010 Annual Report – Walmartstores.com (2010). Retrieved on January 10, 2011 from http://cdn.walmartstores.com/sites/AnnualReport/2010/PDF/WMT_2010AR_FINAL.pdf Best Buy (2010). Company Reference – Best Buy. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.answers.com/topic/best-buy-co-inc Dell. (2010). Wall Street Journal: MarketWatch. Retrieved January 12, 2011, from http://www.marketwatch.com/investing/Stock/DELL/financials/balance-sheet Hoyt, W. (2002). The basics of inventory tracking. Retrieved on January 10, 2011 from http://www.essortment.com/career/smallbusinesst_tuag.htm

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